[[alternative]]An Investigative Research of Role Expectation and Role Performance of the Elementary School Resource room Teacher

[[abstract]]The aim of this research is to explore and discuss both the school staff's role expectation of the resource room teachers, and the latter's own assessments of their role expectations and performances, including consideration of hindrance factors. First the researcher use a form of questionnaire-The Elementary School Resource Room Teacher Role Function Scale to investigate the above-mentioned attitudes to role expectations and performances. Then, the researcher uses The Resource Room Teacher's Interview Outline (again, a kind of questionnaire which is in a semi-structured interview form) in order to understand and analyze the difficulties and problems that the resource room teachers face as they perform their roles in their daily teaching jobs. The main findings of this study will be discusses and elaborated upon as follows: 1.The study shows that there exist differences among the school staff's role expectations of the resource room teachers. The expectation in the category of consultation of the performances of the administrators and classroom teachers is higher than that of the performance of the resource room teachers; whereas the expectation in administration operation of the administrators is higher than that of the classroom teachers and the resource room teachers. The outcome reveals that communication between the resource room teachers and the school staff needs some push, especially in the consultation role performance area. 2.On discussing the resource room teachers' role performance, we may find that a higher performance level exists in the areas of teaching and assessment, whereas, there is a lower performance level in the consultation role. Owing to this, we may understand that the resource room teachers' skill lie mainly in teaching and assessment, and that they are not so adequate in fulfilling their consultation role. 3.In the analysis of four different personal background of resource room teachers, we find that role expectations of the female teachers are higher than that of the male teachers. The resource room teachers between 41 and 50 years old are superior to those whose ages are below 30 in role performances: i.e. in terms of assessment, teaching, consultation, and public relationships. The resource room teachers who have taken 20 credits in special education have better role performances than those who have not taken 20 special education credits. 4.There is a remarkable gap between the resource room teachers' role expectation and performance. The role expectation is significantly larger than the role performance in five job functions of the role resource teachers. In the 27 items, there are 24 items in role performance being lower. than role expectation. This indicates that the resource room teachers fail to achieve their goals, in the sense that their actual performances do not match their role expectations. 5.The major factors that cause this are as follows: A) Too many teaching hours; B) Lack of professional training of the resource room teachers; C) Classroom teachers being too busy in class affairs; D) Lack of parental cooperation; E)Lack of support from the administrators. This study not only discusses the findings of the research but also reaches conclusions which provide the resource room teachers, the educational administration authorities, and the teacher training units with suggestions.

[[alternative]]Virus-host interaction in the insect cells latently infected with

[[abstract]]病毒潛伏感染是一個重要的醫農學問題，要研究病毒潛伏感染，首先要瞭 解病毒DNA在寄主基因體的物理狀態，例如病毒大小、結構，以及病毒DNA 是否插入寄主細胞的基因體中。本實驗首先利用斑點雜合法以Hz-1標準病 毒DNA合成探針，偵測各Hz-1病毒潛伏感染細胞株中病毒的含量，發現在潛 伏感染細胞株TNPC1 中約含有12%的病毒DNA，TNPC2細胞約有0.8%的病毒DN ，TNPC3細胞約有16.4%病毒DNA，SFP2、SFP4細胞則各有少於0.1%及0.4%的 病毒DNA存在，1983年Burand等人發現干擾粒子(Defective interfering particles)可能為病毒建立與維繫潛伏感染時所必需。因此，第二部份的 驗利用Southern雜合方法來分析標準病毒DNA和干擾粒子DNA在潛伏感染細 胞中存在的比例，結果發現標準病毒DNA和干擾粒子DNA同時存在於潛伏感 染的細胞中。第三部份是研究Hz-1桿狀病毒DNA是否插入寄主基因體中。由 於病毒DNA很大，一般電泳方法無法分析，因此利用pulse field gel elec trophoresis(PFGE)來解決這個問題。結果顯示病毒DNA以插入寄主染色體 中或以環狀DNA的方式存在於潛伏感染細胞中。第四部份是潛伏感染細胞對 Hz-1病毒干擾(viral interference)的試驗，結果發現TNPC1、TNPC2、TNP C3、SFP2、SFP4等Hz-1病毒潛伏感染細胞株對Hz-1病毒均有同質干擾的情 形。其中SFP2、SFP4是以細胞自戕(apoptosis)的方式來表現，TNPC1、TNP C2、TNPC3則否。第五部份是比較各Hz-1病毒潛伏感染細胞株潛伏特異性基 因hem-1的表現情形，這五種潛伏感染細胞株均會表現hem-1基因產生轉錄 子PAT-1，不過表現強度相差很大，依次是TNPC1強於TNPC3，TNPC3強於TNP C2；SFP2、SFP4相差不多，TNPC1、TNPC2、TNPC3潛伏感染細胞株表現hem- 1基因的情形均遠強於SFP2、SFP4潛伏感染細胞株。最後一部份的實驗與病 毒自潛伏感染細胞中的復發(reactivation)有關。利用已建立好的Hz-1病 毒潛伏感染細胞株，試驗以飢餓(低血清)、TPA(一種病毒復發誘引劑)，以 及低、高溫處理，檢看Hz-1病毒復發的情形。結果顯示，TNPC2的細胞株在 任何一種處理之下均有病毒復發的情形，其餘細胞株則否。

A Series of Paintings and Resarches on Images ─ Home and Away

[[abstract]]現代繪畫的最大特色之一即是創作者在創作的過程當中強調了屬於精神層 面的創作理念。美學大師黑格爾(Hegel, 1770-1831)認為：「藝術的形式 是美的實現，其創意要從觀念尋找，觀念的完成就是內容的體現，同時也 是形式的完成。」當我們掌握了創作的觀念時就等於掌握了創作的形式， 若形式上想要求革新也非得有觀念上的突破，才得以出現嶄新的面貌來。 就現代繪畫而言，繪畫的理念是繪畫過程的原創力根源，也是依循的指標 。本文是筆者兩年來以「夢土」和「家園」為主題所作的「組曲」式探索 。依「創作動機」、「創作理念」、「創作依據」、「創作形式」、「創 作內容」、「作品說明」、「創作省思與展望」七個章節來陳述、說明研 究探索的過程與心得，希望藉這份簡短的理念報告把自己繪畫實踐的過程 加以分析說明，並且整理出創作的脈絡，以做為未來繼續探索之參考。

[[alternative]]THE ROLE OF VISION IN BALANCE TRAINING ON MENTALLY RETARDED STUDENTS' BALANCE MOVEMENT PERFORMANCE.

[[abstract]]The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of vision in balance training for students with mental retardation. The subjects included 8 students ranging from 13 to 15 years of age. Before training, each subject had to be examined with the following tests under full-vision and no-vision condition walking forward and backward on the balance beam. After pre-test, each subject was assigned to a vision or no-vision training group. Each group had 5 days training session with balance beam walking and trendmill walking. The mid-test and final-test was held on the 3rd and 7th day after the training had started. Testing items included the distance, the speed and the step distance. The conclusion is as following: 1.After training, the full-vision and no-vision group shows significant differences in distance, it is the evidence that balance performance could be improved after physical training. 2.No-vision group took slower and steady walking strategy and the full-vision group relied on vision and use the fast but unstable movement strategy. 3.Walking backward with full-vision, walking forward with no-vision, walking backward with no-vision are effect by vision condition. No-vision group take slower and shooter step of distance. 4.No-vision training seems help students improving their movement stability. It is an inexpensive and easy way to practice under different visual conditions. Hopefully more researches and teaching strategies of this kind will be done in the future.

[[alternative]]The Construction of Creativity Indices for R&D Teams in High-Tech Industries

[[abstract]]近年來，全球科技的快速發展與產業間的高度競爭趨勢下，企業的成長與生存和其是否具有創新能力息息相關。對高科技產業而言，創新突破的關鍵在於卓越產品的開發及更有效率的製程安排，以超越同業進而領導市場。雖然研發團隊並非組織中唯一需要具備創造力的單位，但其所扮演的角色卻是推動組織創新發展之核心。企業若能積極地激發研發團隊之創新能力，不僅對外能強化產能優勢，提升產業競爭力；更能帶動組織內源源不絕的創意活力，對於創新求勝深具立竿見影之效。 以國內而言，目前對於研發團隊創造力指標建構尚未成型，因此本研究以研發團隊運作的角度，採質化研究之多重個案研究法，訪談國內知名十家企業之研發團隊主管或組織高階管理者共計十三人，實際蒐集產業界關於研發團隊創造力的要素、流程、情境與成果之實徵性資料，以建構高科技產業研發團隊創造力指標並發展相關議題，更做為後續研發團隊創造力指標發展之前導研究。最後所得結論如下： 一、研發團隊創造力指標可分為背景指標、輸入指標、過程指標與輸出指標四種構面。 （一）背景構面包含組織之創造力獎勵、組織之創造力管理與組織之創造 力願景三個指標項目。 呈現為落實組織創新的理念，組織之創造力獎勵的兩個方向及創造 力管理可採行的四個具體作法。並說明組織之創造力願景應依據四 個要素，進行策略的調整與方向之定位。 （二）輸入指標包含創造力的人格特質、完成工作所需能力、專利申請集 中之特質、環境與設備、研發人力與金額，以及其他支援系統等六 個項目。 統整出研發團隊成員之八項人格特質、完成研發工作所需五項能力 和專利申請集中之五點特質；環境與設備則說明研發團隊工作所需 硬體資源之條件；研發人力與金額用以顯示研發人力投入和投入金 額占營收之比率；其他支援系統則涵蓋教育訓練、知識管理與文件 管控兩機制之情況。 （三）過程指標包含專案運作方式、溝通互動方式、問題解決方式、產品 研發流程與研發團隊工作情境五個項目。 歸納出研發團隊的專案運作所採行之方式、團隊的溝通互動之六種 形式、遭遇問題時用以處理和解決的九種方式、產品研發流程的七 個步驟與其重要程度的順序，而研發團隊工作情境則呈現研發團隊 工作氣候之五種特質。 （四）輸出指標包含專利申請之情況、專利之外其他產出、創造力產出評 估項目。 說明研發團隊專利申請之狀況、專利之外其他產出的類型、新產品 和新製程等創造力產出的七點評估項目。 二、研發團隊創造力之相關議題包含創造力人才的甄選、創造力的訓練、創造力內發動機的促進、創造力發展策略等四點。 呈現創造力人才的甄選方式與判斷依據、創造力訓練的具體作法、創 造力內發動機的四種促進方式及創造力發展策略的五點原則。

[[alternative]]THE ROLE OF ATTENTIONAL FOCUS DIRECTION IN MOTOR LEARNING STRATEGY OF DISCRETE MOVEMENT

[[abstract]]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of direction within attentional focus on learning a motor task of ball throwing accuracy. By novelty principle, participants had to sit on a chair and throw balls with their non-dominant hand. Thirty university students who had no previous experience of the task were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: (1) external direction of attentional focus group; (2) internal direction of attentional focus group; and (3) mixed direction of attentional focus group. Experimental trials included 10 trials for pretest to test the homogeneity of participants, 120 trials for acquisition, 15 trials for both 10-minute immediate retention test and one-day delay retention test. Other than radial error (RE), variable error (VE) and motor performance error rate (MPER) as dependent variables, questionnaires were administered to insight about participants’ perception during experiment. The experimental data were transformed into scores of proportion of dependent variables. Mixed Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD method were used for statistical analysis. Findings were as follows: (1) within the whole new discrete motor skill acquisition, the strategy of external direction of attentional focus was better than strategy of internal direction of attentional focus, especially for accuracy of task performance and motor performance error rate; (2) the strategy of mixed direction of attentional focus was better than strategy of internal direction of attentional focus, especially for motor performance error rate; and (3) based on the radial error, different direction of attentional focus was thought to be a learning variables, whereas based on the motor performance error rate, various direction of attentional focus was thought to be a performance variables.

Enhancing the damping properties of cement mortar by pretreating coconut fibers for weakened interfaces

Pretreated coconut fibers can be applied as renewable damping components in fiber-reinforced cement mortars to reduce the adverse effects of vibration and promote the recycling of waste fibers. In this study, FT-IR, TG, XRD, and SEM measurements were performed to analyze the morphologies and physicochemical properties of the coconut fibers before and after pretreatment. The compressive strength, porosity, and damping properties were tested to study the effects of fiber pre-treatment on the mechanical properties of cement mortar. In contrast to original fibers, pretreated coconut fibers induced a moderate air-entraining effect in cement mortars. Therefore, the mortars with pretreated fibers exhibited significantly lower strength loss, indicating consistency with the porosity results. Furthermore, by adding 0.75 vol% coconut fibers pretreated by a mixed solution of NaOH and H2O2, the loss tangent of the cement mortar can be increased by 25%. The enhanced damping properties were attributed to the weakened interface between the fibers and cement mortar matrix, which facilitated dissipation of the vibration energy. Moreover, a simplified shear-lag model was proposed to describe the relationship between the weakened interface frictional sliding and the damping properties of the cement mortars.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Materials and Environmen

Investigation of the hydration properties of cement with EDTA by alternative current impedance spectroscopy

Alternative current impedance spectroscopy (ACIS) is a promising non-destructive testing method to monitor long-term change and assess the durability of concrete. This study investigates the influences of Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) on the hydration of hardening cement by ACIS. It is found that EDTA retards the early-age hydration of cement but can facilitate the later age reaction. Pastes with EDTA show comparable or higher compressive strength than Control at 28 d, especially when the dosage is higher than 0.4%. Microstructural characterization results reveal the working mechanism of EDTA originating from its complexing effect on free ions. The resistivity evolution of the pastes detected by ACIS can well reflect the effects of EDTA on the cement hydration in different ages. Proportional relations are identified between the resistivity and other hydration parameters, such as reaction degree, chemical shrinkage, compressive strength. The results of this study indicate a wider prospect of ACIS in monitoring the microstructure evolution and macro-properties of cementitious materials.Materials and Environmen

Recycling of ferronickel slag tailing in cementitious materials: Activation and performance

As an industrial by-product containing pozzolanic components, recycled ferronickel slag (FNS) has the potential to be supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to reduce the massive carbon footprint of the cement industry, however, the main limitation of ferronickel slag as SCMs is the low hydration rate at an early age. In this study, the pozzolanic activity property results indicate that if the proportion is more than 10 %, FSN can hardly participate in the cement hydration reaction during the early stage, even the mechanical strength of FNS-mortar decreases obviously with the higher proportion of ferronickel slag. Therefore, mechanical grinding and steam curing at an early age are applied to promote the reaction activity of the recycled ferronickel slag tailing in this study. Compared with standard curing, the compressive strength of hardened FNS-cement paste with steam curing at 60 °C or 80 °C increased by 8.2 % or 33.8 %, and the connected porosity decreased by 18.9 % or 17.3 %. And MgO in the ferronickel slag exists as Mg2SiO4 in raw materials and enters the C-S-H gel with the formation of M-S-H gel during the secondary hydration stage. This study provides a theoretical basis for solid waste-based concrete and promotes the recycling, conservation, and resources of solid waste in building materials.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Materials and Environmen

Nondestructive Monitoring Hydration of Belite Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement by EIS Measurement

In this study, the impact of water-to-cement (w/c) ratios of belite calcium sulfoaluminate cement (BCSA) on the hydration kinetics and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) parameters is studied. According to the analysis of classic hydration measurements, such as calorimetry tests, chemical shrinkage content, and chemically bound water content, it can be concluded that a higher w/c ratio clearly accelerates the hydration of BCSA cement paste. The electrical resistivity of BCSA0.35 cement paste is more than 4.5 times that of BCSA0.45 and BCSA0.5, due to the gradually densified micropore structure blocking the electrical signal transmission rather than the free charged-ion content. The porosity of BCSA0.5 is 27.5% higher than that of BCSA0.35 and 7.8% higher than that of BCSA0.45, which proves the resistivity is clearly related to the variation in microstructure, especially for the porosity and pore size distribution. The novelty of this study is the linear regression with logarithm terms of electrical resistivity and classic hydration parameters such as chemical shrinkage, cumulative hydration heat, and chemically bound water is established to extend the classical expression of cement hydration degree. It indicates that the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy can be taken as a nondestructive testing measurement to real-time monitor the cement hydration process of cement-based materials.Materials and Environmen