Managers' development in public health services: leadership competences formation

The issue of poor knowledge of classic management competences by the heads of healthcare organizations is analyzed in this project. Traditional practices of developing management competencies based on personal qualities and practiced administrative skills do not meet modern requirements of the organization head. The author analyzes the experience of implementation of federal managers development program in Public Health Service in Ural federal district, revealing innovative methods of developing management competences. The author concentrates on analyzing the procedure of basic management competence establishment: elaboration and implementation of management decision.В работе анализируется проблема слабого владения руководителями медицинских организаций классическими управленческими технологиями. Традиционная практика формирования управленческих компетенций за счет личностных качеств и управленческих навыков, полученных опытным путем, не отвечает современным требованиям к руководителю. Автор анализирует опыт реализации федеральной программы подготовки управленческих кадров в сфере здравоохранения в Уральском федеральном округе, выявляя инновационные методы формирования управленческих компетенций руководителя. Внимание автора сосредоточено на анализе технологий формирования базовой управленческой компетенции - разработке и реализации управленческого решения

Problems of the organization and financing of public health institutions in the Sverdlovsk region

The article describes the current practice of the organization and financing of health care in the region. We identify and analyze the volumes of financing of health care institutions due to budgetary and extra-budgetary sources. The result of the study was developed by the authors the system recommendations for the regional authorities to finance the sphere of public health in the area.В статье рассмотрена действующая практика организации и финансирования сферы здравоохранения на территории региона. Определены и проанализированы объемы финансирования учреждений здравоохранения за счет бюджетных и внебюджетных источников. Результатом исследования явилась разработанная авторами система рекомендаций для региональных органов государственной власти по финансированию сферы государственного здравоохранения на территории

Testing Social Impact Projects in the Healthcare Sector to Improve Public Health and Quality of Life for Children

Considering the reduction in the child population, children’s health status is an urgent medical and social problem. According to experts from the World Health Organisation, the growing burden of obesity and other non-communicable diseases has become a new threat to children’s health. In most cases, obesity in children is due to manageable risk factors and is a preventable disease. Currently, there are no comprehensive long-term programmes aimed at preventing childhood obesity in Russia. In view of the absence of tariffs for the provision of preventive medical services in the framework of compulsory medical insurance, this medical care is not provided to children “free of charge” under the Program of State Guarantees of Free Medical Care to Citizens. In conditions of a shortage of financial resources, the state cannot fully fulfil the function of protecting the health of the child population. In such circumstances, the involvement of business in solving social issues is practiced in many countries. Social impact bonds are one of the financial instruments. Testing of programmes for the prevention of obesity in children in Sverdlovsk oblast can be implemented as part of a social impact project.В условиях сокращения численности детского населения состояние здоровья детей представляет собой актуальную медико-социальную проблему. По мнению экспертов Всемирной организации здравоохранения, новой угрозой здоровью детей стало растущее бремя ожирения и других неинфекционных заболеваний. В большинстве случаев ожирение у детей обусловлено управляемыми факторами риска и относится к числу предотвратимых заболеваний. В настоящее время в России отсутствуют комплексные долгосрочные программы, направленные на профилактику детского ожирения. Ввиду отсутствия тарифов на оказание профилактических медицинских услуг в рамках обязательного медицинского страхования данная медицинская помощь не оказывается детям «бесплатно» в рамках Программы государственных гарантий бесплатного оказания гражданам медицинской помощи. Складывается ситуация, когда в условиях дефицита финансовых средств государство не может полноценно выполнять функцию охраны здоровья детского населения. В таких условиях привлечение бизнеса к решению социальных вопросов практикуется во многих странах. Одним из финансовых инструментов являются облигации социального воздействия. Апробация программ профилактики ожирения у детей в Свердловской области может быть реализована в рамках проекта социального воздействия

Communication Culture as a Matrix for Graduate's “Soft Skills” Development

The article examines the problem of broadcasting the communication culture from the system of education toward the labour market. The authors argue that communication model “teacher - student” acts as a matrix for communication model “employee - employer”. In this regard, such a resource as behavioral features of interaction, the communication culture between teacher and student requires special attention. The authors substantiate the thesis that “teacher - student” behavioral model is being reproduced by graduate in the relationship “employee - employer” and reflects “teacher-centric” communication model in the educational process.The authors have carried out a content analysis of the websites of employers in business structures and government organizations. The results confirm a clearly expressed demand for the communication skills of an employee. At the same time, an expert survey of recruiting specialists who assessed the level of communication skills of graduates majoring in economics and management showed a vivid disparity between free use of digital technologies (digital skills) and poor communication skills (soft skills).An analysis of the online questionnaire survey of teachers and students in the field of economics and management of nine Russian universities revealed barriers to the formation of “soft skills” of future graduates: inability to see the interests of the “Other”, the habit of pointing fingers instead of solving problems, the lack of client-oriented skills as well as willingness to take personal responsibility for the results of work. The authors outline the ways of restructuring the patterns of teacher and student behavior, which require them to adopt an educational paradigm based on a model of equal interaction of all participants (stakeholders) of educational process. This model will foster the development and mastering of “soft skills” of the future graduates

Corporate professional unity under the unstable labor market in the industrial region

The article examines the phenomenon of corporatism, which under the adverse external environment can be used by the professional community to improve the effectiveness of organization. The authors define corporatism of the professional society as a combination of homogenous interests, attitudes, traditions and values; and provide a sociological interpretation of the corporate unity through its organizational and behavioral parameters. The former consists of the perception of the organization reliability, the staff’s confidence in the future, satisfaction with the financial situation (static features), estimates of the innovative capabilities of the company, and the willingness to develop (dynamic features). The behavioral parameters include staff’s values and patterns of behavior that can contribute to the consolidation of the professional community. The authors believe that for corporate management vertical social ties are less important that the horizontal ones, such as the rule of law and honesty, and the team unity under the unstable external environment. The sample of the study conducted by the authors in 2015 consisted of various types of settlements typical for the Sverdlovsk Region: mono-towns and mono-settlements (Nizhny Tagil, Serov), towns and villages with the differentiated economic activities (Ekaterinburg, Irbit). The results of the empirical study of corporatism among different professional societies - industrial workers, social services’ and business organizations’ staff, individual entrepreneurs and authorities - revealed the internal resources that can reduce tensions on the labor market. The research data can be useful for the comparative analysis of corporatism in different regions of Russia (not only industrial and similar to the Ural Region, but differing from it by significant social and economic parameters)

Representation of Well-Being / Ill-Being of the Modern Russian Family and Student Behaviour: The Phenomenon of Teachers’ Reflection

Introduction. The relevance of this study is determined by the increasing role of the interaction of the educational organisation and the family in the process of students’ education. In the current study, the relationship between the modern Russian family and teachers are considered through the prism of the concept of “social representation”, which is interpreted as a subjective representation of teachers about the family of students in terms of certain attitudes towards the family. The students’ demonstrated behaviour was selected as one of the factors influencing social representation of the family through its perception by teachers from the standpoint of well-being / ill-being.The aim of the present research is to consider the phenomenon of social representation of the family through its perception by teachers from the standpoint of well-being / ill-being as a reflection of the demonstrated “prosocial / deviant” form of behaviour among students in grades 7–11.Methodology and research methods. As the main research methodology, a systematic approach to the phenomenon under consideration was used, within the framework of which the relationships and the influence of the factor of perception by teachers of the family (functional / dysfunctional) and their attitude to the demonstrated behaviour of the adolescent (deviant / prosocial) were considered. The collection of empirical material was based on a comprehensive author’s sociological study conducted by the authors in the period 2017–2019 in the Sverdlovsk region. A questionnaire survey, focused interviews and testing were used as the methods for collecting sociological information. The collection of primary sociological information was carried out by questionnaire survey among students in grades 7-11 and their class teachers, as well as by conducting focused interviews with teachers, who are class teachers in grades 7–11. The survey of teachers was carried out using Internet technologies (online). A secondary analysis of sociological data was conducted using mathematical statistics (in terms of correlation and analysis of variance ANOVA / VANOVA) using tools MS Excel, IBM SPSS, Statistic for Windows 5.5.Results. The authors found out the discrepancies between the social representation by teachers of the educational organisation of family perception and the transfer of teachers’ ideas about the state of the family to the perception of the behaviour of adolescents 13-17 years old (as deviant or prosocial). In the course of the analysis of the obtained data, it was determined that the teachers’ perception of the student’s family as functional / dysfunctional is determined by their social ideas based on the attitudes of the professional group through the dominance of such signs of well-being as complete / incomplete family, parents’ education, employment and their material security. It was also determined that the backbone factor of family well-being in the teachers’ picture of the world is the interaction of the family and the school. The higher the levels of family interaction with the school, the more educators evaluate this family as functional. At the same time, the inconsistency of these attitudes of teachers was revealed. The models of representations by teachers of a functional, dysfunctional and semi-functional family on the basis of empirical data are described.Scientific novelty. For the first time, the authors of the present publication have analysed the state of the modern Russian family in the terms of social representation and the definition of its well-being / ill-being through the prism of perception by educators of the student and his or her inner circle. The characteristics of a functional and dysfunctional family are described based on the teachers’ representations and the manifestation of deviation or prosocial behaviour in adolescents 13-17 years old.Practical significance. The authors make an attempt to take into account the errors in the perception by teachers of adolescents 13-17 years old, who exhibit deviant / prosocial behaviour, and representations of their families. Taking these errors into account makes it possible to identify “errors” in the educational work of educational organisations based on the provision of real assistance to the family and students. The essence and relevance of the correction of teachers of educational organisations when compiling a “family image” are scientifically proven (with the exception of the professional community’s orientation on the dominance of the factors of well-being / ill-being). The directions of the development of the educational activities of educational organisations are determined, taking into account the erroneous perception by teachers of families and the further prevention of deviant behaviour of students aged 13-17

Commuting in the life suburban population

The process of commuting characteristic stages of suburbanization; expert survey of heads of municipalities of the Sverdlovsk region, revealed the social contradictions of the process associated with the problem of registration of individual housing structures and thus the formation of the local budget, which reduces the possibility of local authorities to provide decent living conditions for the population of the suburbs.Рассматриваются процессы маятниковой миграции, характерные для этапа субурбанизации. Экспертный опрос глав муниципальных образований Свердловской области выявил социальные противоречия этого процесса, связанные с проблемой регистрации индивидуальных жилищных строений и тем самым формирования местного бюджета, что сужает возможности местной администрации обеспечить достойные условия жизнедеятельности населения пригородов

Implementation of state policy in the field of human resources of the health system as a medical and demographic aspect of the population health

Здравоохранению отводится ключевая роль в сохранении и укреплении здоровья населения. Реализация государственной политики в сфере кадрового обеспечения системы здравоохранения напрямую влияет на состояние системы в целом, являясь важным медико-демографическим аспектом здоровьясбережения населения.The important role in the preservation and strengthening of public health is given to health care. The implementation of the state policy in the sphere of the human resources of the health system is one of the most important medical and demographic aspects of the health status of the population

Entrepreneurship as a way to career migration tensions on the labour market conditions of the industrial region

Рассматриваются внешние и внутренние факторы, определяющие карьерную миграцию в вынужденное предпринимательство. Дается оценка стимулов и перспектив развития стартапов в ситуации экономического кризиса с точки зрения закономерностей развития предпринимательства.Discusses external and internal factors that define career migration forced entrepreneurship. Assesses the incentives and development prospects of the startups in the situation of economic crisis in terms of regularities in the development of entrepreneurship

Estimating the incidence rate of drug addiction in an economically prosperous region of Russia

The aim of the study was to prove and evaluate the social and economic factors affecting the epidemiological indicators of the drug addiction extension in the territory of the economically prosperous oil-producing region of Russia - the Khanty-Mansijsk Autonomous District -Ugra, which determine the quality of medical drug treatment and the characteristics of the statistical accounting of drug addicts. Materials and methods. The analysis of interdepartmental statistical reporting provided by Department of Health Care Services of the Khanty-Mansijsk Autonomous District - Ugra within Monitoring of the drug abuse situation in the period from 2015 to 2019 made it possible to present the dynamics of the incidence of drug addiction among various social strata and population groups of the district. An expert survey of representatives of the professional community that provide medical care in "psychiatry and narcology" revealed the factors that affect the main indicators of drug use and drug addiction in the district. Results. Analytical data recorded the following trends in the transformation of the drug situation in the region: a stable decrease in the prevalence rate of drug addiction in the autonomous district (total number of drug users registered by medical organizations); a decrease in the rate of primary drug addiction incidence against the background of an increase in the rate of primary toxic substances addiction incidence; the structure of primary drug addiction incidence differs significantly from the general structure of drug addiction (polydrug use, synthetic drugs predominate among first time incidence, while dependence on opiates dominates in the general structure of diseases). According to experts, the positive changes in indicators of drug addiction are based on both systematic work on providing access to medical care in the district and the “subtleties” of statistical accounting associated with changing the registration of drug addicts. The lagging of a legislator behind a drug manufacturer and the problem of prompt adjustment of the narcotic substances list remain: as soon as a legislator puts the substance on the list of prohibited substances, the manufacturer, proceeding with minor changes in the composition, introduces new substances that are formally uncontrolled in drug trafficking. Conclusion. Changes in the legal and regulatory framework, confirming the right of a patient to a written refusal of dispensary observation, on the one hand, create a statistically favorable picture, since they lead to a decrease in the total number of registered drug addicts, but at the same time form a whole layer of patients with drug addiction and not receiving the treatment they needюЦель публикации - обосновать и оценить социально-экономические факторы, влияющие на эпидемиологические показатели распространения наркомании на территории экономически благополучного нефтедобывающего региона России - Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа –Югры, обуславливающие качество медицинской наркологической помощи и особенности статистического учета наркозависимых. Материалы и методы. Анализ межведомственной статистической отчётности, предоставленный Департаментом здравоохранения Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа -Югры в рамках проведения Мониторинга наркоситуации в период с 2015 по 2019 годы позволил представить динамику заболеваемости наркоманией среди различных социальных слоев и групп населения округа. Экспертный опрос представителей профессионального сообщества, оказывающих медицинскую помощь по профилю «психиатрия-наркология», позволил выявить факторы, влияющие на основные показатели наркопотребления и наркомании на территории округа. Результаты. Аналитическими данными зафиксированы следующие тенденции трансформации наркоситуации в регионе: стабильное снижение распространённости наркомании в автономном округе (общая численность зарегистрированных медицинскими организациями потребителей наркотиков); снижение уровня первичной заболеваемости наркоманией на фоне роста первичной заболеваемости токсикоманией; структура первичной заболеваемости наркоманией существенно отличается об общей структуры наркозависимости (среди первичной преобладает полинаркомания, синтетические наркотики, тогда как зависимость от опиатов занимает доминирующие позиции в общей структуре заболеваний). За позитивными изменениями показателей наркозависимости стоят, по оценкам экспертов, как системная работа по обеспечению доступности медицинской помощи в округе так и «тонкости» статистического учета, связанные с изменение порядка регистрации наркозависимых. Сохраняется ситуация отставания законодателя от производителя, проблема своевременной корректировки списка наркотических веществ: как только законодатель вносит вещество в список запрещенных, производитель, внося незначительные изменения в состав, выводит на рынок новые вещества, формально являющиеся неподконтрольными в обороте наркотиков. Заключение. Изменения в нормативно-правовой базе, закрепляющие за пациентом права на письменный отказ от диспансерного наблюдения, с одной стороны, создают статистически благоприятную картину, поскольку приводят к снижению показателя общей численности зарегистрированных наркозависимых, но в тоже время формируют целый слой пациентов, имеющих наркологическое расстройство и не получающих необходимого лечения