The Impact of Child Abuse, Posttraumatic Cognitions, Machiavellianism and Emotional Suppression on Interpersonal Sensitivity and Psychiatric Comorbidity: A Latent Profile Analysis

Much of the detrimental effects child abuse can have on victims’ cognitions, personality traits and emotional regulation strategies have been documented; however, it is unclear whether these effects might coexist with posttraumatic cognitions, Machiavellianism, and emotional suppression to impact interpersonal sensitivity and psychiatric comorbidity. The present study aimed to address this knowledge gap. A sample of 553 Chinese university students from three universities completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-short form, Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory, Machiavellianism Personality scale, Courtauld Emotional Control Scale, Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure, and General Health Questionnaire-28. Using Latent Profile Analysis, a three-profile solution was achieved. Profile one (high maltreatment group) students reported high levels of abusive experiences, posttraumatic cognitions and Machiavellianism, but a moderate level of emotional suppression; Profile two (moderate maltreatment group) students had moderate levels of abusive experiences, posttraumatic cognitions, Machiavellianism and emotional suppression. Profile three (low maltreatment group) students had low levels of all of the preceding psychological constructs. Profile one reported significantly higher interpersonal sensitivity and psychiatric comorbidity. Students with child abuse experiences, who viewed themselves and others negatively, displayed some dark personality traits, exercised some control over their emotions, tended to be excessively sensitive to others’ behaviors and feelings and prone to psychological distress

Near-infrared laser spectroscopy of Nil

Laser-induced fluorescence spectrum of Nil in the near infrared region of 714-770 nm has been recorded. Seven bands belonging to three electronic transition systems were observed and analyzed: the (0,0), (1,0), and (2,0) bands of [13.3] 2∑ + -A 2∏ 3/2 system; the (1,1) and (0,1) bands of [13.9] 2∏ 3/2-X 2Δ 5/2 system; and the (0,0) and (1,0) bands of [13.9] 2∏ 3/2-A 2∏ 3/2 system. Spectra of isotopic molecules confirmed the vibrational quantum number assignment of the observed bands. Least-squares fit of rotationally resolved transition lines yielded accurate molecular constants for the v = 0-2 levels of the [13.3] 2∑ + state, the v = 0 level of the A 2∏ 3/2, and the v = 1 level of the X 2Δ 5/2 state. The vibrational separation, ΔG 1/2, of the ground state was measured to be 276.674 cm -1. With the observation of the [13.9] 2∏ 3/2-A 2∏ 3/2 and [13.9] 2∏ 3/2-X 2Δ 5/2 transitions, we accurately determined the energy separation between the A 2∏ 3/2 and the X 2Δ 5/2 to be 163.847 cm -1. This confirms that the order of the A 2∏ 3/2 and X 2Δ 5/2 states in Nil is reversed when compared with other nickel monohalides. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.published_or_final_versio

Laser spectroscopy of NiBr: New electronic states and hyperfine structure

Laser induced fluorescence spectrum of NiBr in the visible region between 604 and 666 nm has been recorded and analyzed. Fourteen bands belonging to three electronic transition systems, namely, [15.1] Δ 52 2 -X Π 32 2, [15.1] Π 32 2 -X Π 32 2, and [14.0] Δ 52 2 -X Π 32 2 have been observed. Spectra of isotopic molecules were also observed and analyzed. Detailed analysis of the recorded spectra indicated that the two electronic states [15.1] Π 32 2 and [15.1] Δ 52 2 lie about 1 cm-1 apart from each other and J -dependent perturbation due to spin-uncoupling interaction has been observed. Least squares fitting procedures involving deperturbation matrix elements were used to fit the observed line positions, which yielded accurate molecular constants for the [15.1] Π 32 2 and [15.1] Δ 52 2 states. In addition, the (1,0) band of the [15.1] Δ 52 2 -X Π 32 2 transition shows partially resolved hyperfine structure that was caused by the interaction of unpaired electron with the magnetic moment of the Br nucleus (nuclear spin of I=32) in the excited state. The rapid decrease in hyperfine width as J increases suggests that the hyperfine coupling in the excited state conforms to Hund's case (aΒ) coupling scheme. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.published_or_final_versio

Adoption of robotic assisted partial nephrectomies: a population-based analysis of U.S. surgeons from 2004-2013

The advent of minimally invasive and robotic techniques has resulted in the rapid adoption of this novel technology, with the field of urology at the forefront. Since the first Robotic‐Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (RALP) was performed in 2000 using  the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA), surgeons have rapidly incorporated robotic technology for the use of radical prostatectomies for prostatic carcinoma. Prior to 2005, only a minority of surgeons‐‐fewer than 2.5%‐‐performing radical  prostatectomies utilized robotic assistance.  However, robotic assistance has become the predominant approach for radical prostatectomies, increasing from 22% to 85% between the years 2002 to 2013, representing a nearly five‐fold increase in utilization

The concept of self among Chinese university victims of child abuse: an interpretative phenomenological analysis

The impact of child abuse experiences on the concept of self has been documented, however, using the qualitative method to further understand the subjective experiences of victims’ self-concept has not been done. Ten participants aged 19 to 22 reporting a history of child abuse experiences provided subjective feelings of the effects following these experiences in the form of a semi-structured interview. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), there were 5 superordinate themes, including self-perceptions, negative perceptions of others/ the world, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, emotional regulation skills and personal characteristics in the present study. The results showed that (1) victims had some negative perceptions of themselves and of others but also had some positive self-perceptions. (2) Victims had some maladaptive characteristics, such as amorality or manipulation, for self-protection and maintaining social harmony; (3) and they easily suppressed their non-anger emotions. (4) They encountered social and intimate relationship difficulties. The subjective feelings of child abuse victims explored many negative perceptions of the self and others and showed the sensitivity of rejection in interpersonal relationships. Some negative personal characteristics and emotional suppression were also found among victims

Joint modeling of teleseismic and tsunami wave observations to constrain the 16 September 2015 Illapel, Chile, M_w 8.3 earthquake rupture process

The 16 September 2015 Illapel, Chile, M_w 8.3 earthquake ruptured ~170 km along the plate boundary megathrust fault from 30.0°S to 31.6°S. A patch of offshore slip of up to 10 m extended to near the trench, and a patch of ~3 m slip occurred downdip below the coast. Aftershocks fringe the large-slip zone, extending along the coast from 29.5°S to 32.5°S between the 1922 and 1971/1985 ruptures. The coseismic slip distribution is determined by iterative modeling of teleseismic body waves as well as tsunami signals recorded at three regional DART stations and tide gauges immediately north and south of the rupture. The tsunami observations tightly delimit the rupture length, suppressing bilateral southward extension of slip found in unconstrained teleseismic-wave inversions. The spatially concentrated rupture area, with a stress drop of ~3.2 MPa, is validated by modeling DART and tide gauge observations in Hawaii, which also prove sensitive to the along-strike length of the rupture

Two regions of seafloor deformation generated the tsunami for the 13 November 2016, Kaikoura, New Zealand earthquake

The 13 November 2016 Kaikoura, New Zealand, M_w 7.8 earthquake ruptured multiple crustal faults in the transpressional Marlborough and North Canterbury tectonic domains of northeastern South Island. The Hikurangi trench and underthrust Pacific slab terminate in the region south of Kaikoura, as the subdution zone transitions to the Alpine fault strike-slip regime. It is difficult to establish whether any coseismic slip occurred on the megathrust from on-land observations. The rupture generated a tsunami well recorded at tide gauges along the eastern coasts and in Chatham Islands, including a ~4 m crest-to-trough signal at Kaikoura where coastal uplift was about 1 m, and at multiple gauges in Wellington Harbor. Iterative modeling of teleseismic body waves and the regional water-level recordings establishes that two regions of seafloor motion produced the tsunami, including an M_w ~7.6 rupture on the megathrust below Kaikoura and comparable size transpressional crustal faulting extending offshore near Cook Strait

Linking posttraumatic stress disorder with eating disorders among Emirati university female students: The role of self-concealment

The link between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from past trauma, eating disorders, and psychiatric co-morbidity has been established. Whether self-concealment could influence these distress outcomes among traumatised Emirati university female students remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the co-existing profiles of PTSD and self-concealment could impact eating disorder and psychiatric co-morbidity among female Emirati students. Using a convenience sampling method, the research was made known to students studying at a university in the United Arab Emirates. Four hundred and twenty-one female students completed questionnaires measuring PTSD, self-concealment, eating attitudes, and psychiatric co-morbidity in class. Latent profile analysis and multivariate analysis of variance were used respectively to identify the profiles for students and examine the differences between profile groups in distress outcomes. 38% met the criteria for PTSD. Using Latent Profile Analysis, profile 1 (moderate PTSD and self-concealment with high avoidance) had moderate PTSD symptoms with a high level of avoidance, and a moderate level of self-concealment. Profile 2 (moderate PTSD and self-concealment with low avoidance) had moderate PTSD symptoms with a low level of avoidance, and a similar level of self-concealment to profile 1. Profiles 3 (low PTSD group) and 4 (high PTSD group) had the lowest and highest levels of PTSD symptoms and self-concealment, respectively. Profile 4 showed significantly higher eating disorder symptoms compared to profile 3, and higher levels of psychiatric co-morbidity than the other three profiles. Having PTSD with a tendency to hide self-related secret could increase eating disorder symptoms along with other psychological difficulties