Median ACH, range and number of measurements that are above the WHO recommendation for each room, comparing window only and turbine and grate only.

<p>*Calculated by using the measurement of actual flow through the turbine, at the same time as overall ACH measurement.</p

Installation of roof turbines and air-intake grates.

<p>A: Roof turbine with ducting from roofline to ceiling, B: roof turbine without ducting (no roof space), C: photograph of outside of clinic room, showing roof turbine and air-intake grate, and D: design of louvred air-intake grates used (effective opening area is 0.68 of actual grate area).</p

Distribution of measured wind speed (km/hr) by clinic.

<p>Distribution of measured wind speed (km/hr) by clinic.</p

Association between wind speed and room ventilation (m³/hour) for measurements with the roof turbine and air intake grate, all rooms combined.

<p>Association between wind speed and room ventilation (m³/hour) for measurements with the roof turbine and air intake grate, all rooms combined.</p

Prevalence of drug resistance using line probe assay (LPA) results, conventional culture-based DST and combined among new and previously treated culture-positive TB cases.

<p>Prevalence of drug resistance using line probe assay (LPA) results, conventional culture-based DST and combined among new and previously treated culture-positive TB cases.</p

Resistance profile (first and second-line) for all MDR-TB cases (abbreviations: H = isoniazid, R = rifampicin, E = ethambutol, S = streptomycin, Z = pyrazinamide, Eto = ethionamide, Amk = amikacin, Km = kanamycin, Cm = capreomycin, Ofx = of

<p>Resistance profile (first and second-line) for all MDR-TB cases (abbreviations: H =  isoniazid, R =  rifampicin, E =  ethambutol, S =  streptomycin, Z =  pyrazinamide, Eto  =  ethionamide, Amk  =  amikacin, Km  =  kanamycin, Cm  =  capreomycin, Ofx  =  ofloxacin).</p

Univariate and multivariate analyses to assess associations with rifampicin resistance among all, previously treated, and HIV positive culture positive TB cases.

<p>Univariate and multivariate analyses to assess associations with rifampicin resistance among all, previously treated, and HIV positive culture positive TB cases.</p

Estimating the burden of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis in Khayelitsha.

<p>Estimating the burden of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis in Khayelitsha.</p

Second-line resistance among strains not defined as MDR-TB.

<p>Second-line resistance among strains not defined as MDR-TB.</p

Strain genotypes cultured on MGIT and LJ media classified according to PCR amplification.

a<p>strain genotypes other than the strains tested with the 5 primer sets.</p>b<p>isolates did not amplify or amplified with an unknown product.</p>c<p>more than 1 strain genotype was present in the primary culture.</p>d<p>in combination, mixed infection was observed in 15% of cases.</p