16 research outputs found
Risk Factors for HIV Transmission and HIV Testing Among Medical Students
Risky behavior in students is not infrequent. The prevalence
of HIV in Ukraine is one of the highest in Europe. The aim of this
study was to investigate risk factors of HIV transmission and prevalence
of HIV testing in medical students from Ukraine. Medical students were
invited to answer questions concerning individual risk factors of HIV
transmission and HIV testing. Answers were received from 861 4th and
6th year students. Data from 20 received questionnaires was considered
invalid and therefore excluded from further analysis. Answers from 841
students were analyzed. 36.94% had undergone HIV testing and only
14.84% were tested more than once. Unprotected vaginal sexual contacts
with casual partners including forced contacts were reported by
27.23%. Intravenous drug use was reported by 1.66%. Male students
reported higher prevalence of sex-related risky behavior and more frequent
HIV testing. Professional injuries with exposed needles were reported
by 29.13% of students. It is important to more actively popularize
HIV testing in students, explain risk factors of HIV transmission, and
to a organize needlestick injury prevention and control program
Quality of life of school and university students with acne
Acne may have severe negative impact on different aspects of patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Prevalence of acne in university and school students is high, and the HRQoL of students with acne from different countries was studied. There is a lack of studies on direct comparison of HRQoL impairment of university and school students with acne. The Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) was used to assess the HRQOL in university and school students with self-assessed acne. The CADI results from 159 university and 99 school students with self-reported acne were obtained. Mean age of university and school students was 20.99±1.47 (mean ± Standard Deviation) and 14.10±0.51 years, respectively. Reported impact on QoL of university students was significantly higher (3.33±2.26 and 2.76±2.42, P<0.05). Total CADI scores negatively correlated with the age of university students (r=-0.16; P<0.05). Analysis of gender differences of university students showed that negative correlation of HRQoL with age was present in women (r=-0.22; P<0.05) but absent in male students (r=0.05; P=0.77). Female university students reported more severe impact of acne on their life (2.55±2.31 in male and 3.59±2.20 in female students, P<0.01). Our results showed that university students experience higher impact of acne on their life than school students. The highest is the impact on young female university students. We recommend paying more attention to the psychological aspects of young female students with acne during consultations. </p
Quality of life of school and university students with acne
Acne may have severe negative impact on different aspects of patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Prevalence of acne in university and school students is high, and the HRQoL of students with acne from different countries was studied. There is a lack of studies on direct comparison of HRQoL impairment of university and school students with acne. The Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) was used to assess the HRQOL in university and school students with self-assessed acne. The CADI results from 159 university and 99 school students with self-reported acne were obtained. Mean age of university and school students was 20.99±1.47 (mean ± Standard Deviation) and 14.10±0.51 years, respectively. Reported impact on QoL of university students was significantly higher (3.33±2.26 and 2.76±2.42, P<0.05). Total CADI scores negatively correlated with the age of university students (r=-0.16; P<0.05). Analysis of gender differences of university students showed that negative correlation of HRQoL with age was present in women (r=-0.22; P<0.05) but absent in male students (r=0.05; P=0.77). Female university students reported more severe impact of acne on their life (2.55±2.31 in male and 3.59±2.20 in female students, P<0.01). Our results showed that university students experience higher impact of acne on their life than school students. The highest is the impact on young female university students. We recommend paying more attention to the psychological aspects of young female students with acne during consultations. </p
Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination Knowledge, Prevalence, Risk Factors, and HPV Detection in 18-26 and 27-45-year-old Men and Women
The US Food and Drug Administration approved a supple-
mental application for HPV 9-valent vaccine for 27-45-year-old women
and men. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices did not
recommend catch-up vaccination of adults aged 27-45 years, but rec-
ognized that some adults who were not previously vaccinated may be
at risk for new HPV infection and might benefit from vaccination in this
age range. We decided to compare HPV vaccination knowledge, preva-
lence, risk factors, and history of HPV detection in cohorts with ages of
18-26 and 27-45 years. Men and women aged 18-45 years were asked
to complete an anonymous internet survey about HPV infection and
vaccination. Valid answers were received from 524 respondents. HPV
vaccination rates were low (from 0.00 to 5.56%). All women aged 27-45
years bought the vaccine at their own cost and were vaccinated after
sexual debut. Knowledge on existence of the HPV vaccine was better
in women (P<0.01). The overall number of sexual partners was signifi-
cantly higher in men and in persons aged 27-45 (P<0.05). Women aged
27-45 reported higher prevalence of unprotected vaginal and anal
sex, a higher number of sexual partners, and lower HPV-related cancer
awareness. Our study showed that better knowledge on HPV vaccina-
tion and HPV-related cancer awareness did not lead to higher HPV vac-
cination rates. A substantial number of individuals aged 27-45 years
may benefit from HPV vaccination, and information on HPV vaccina-
tion should be actively disseminated by physicians and mass media
Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination Knowledge, Prevalence, Risk Factors, and HPV Detection in 18-26 and 27-45-year-old Men and Women
The US Food and Drug Administration approved a supple-
mental application for HPV 9-valent vaccine for 27-45-year-old women
and men. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices did not
recommend catch-up vaccination of adults aged 27-45 years, but rec-
ognized that some adults who were not previously vaccinated may be
at risk for new HPV infection and might benefit from vaccination in this
age range. We decided to compare HPV vaccination knowledge, preva-
lence, risk factors, and history of HPV detection in cohorts with ages of
18-26 and 27-45 years. Men and women aged 18-45 years were asked
to complete an anonymous internet survey about HPV infection and
vaccination. Valid answers were received from 524 respondents. HPV
vaccination rates were low (from 0.00 to 5.56%). All women aged 27-45
years bought the vaccine at their own cost and were vaccinated after
sexual debut. Knowledge on existence of the HPV vaccine was better
in women (P<0.01). The overall number of sexual partners was signifi-
cantly higher in men and in persons aged 27-45 (P<0.05). Women aged
27-45 reported higher prevalence of unprotected vaginal and anal
sex, a higher number of sexual partners, and lower HPV-related cancer
awareness. Our study showed that better knowledge on HPV vaccina-
tion and HPV-related cancer awareness did not lead to higher HPV vac-
cination rates. A substantial number of individuals aged 27-45 years
may benefit from HPV vaccination, and information on HPV vaccina-
tion should be actively disseminated by physicians and mass media
Investigation of numerical approaches to modeling large-scale turbulent vortex flows in the mode of vertical take-off and landing of an aircraft
The study considers the operation of an unmanned aerial vehicle in hovering mode over a flat landing platform. As a propulsion system, impellers are used, which are a system of a propeller rotating inside an air ring. The air ring is a
body of revolution with an aerodynamic profile in cross section. The paper investigates the effect of unsteady interaction of vortex flows with the design of an aircraft by two alternative numerical methods, one of which is vortex-resolving. Numerical calculations are performed using the traditional turbulence modeling approach based on the averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS, Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes), where the turbulence is assumed to be isotropic, and the eddy-resolving Large Eddy Simulation method. The main feature of the latter is as follows: a turbulent flow is represented as the superposition of the motion of large-scale and small-scale turbulences. After discretizing the flow using a filtering operation, large-scale turbulence, which depends directly on the boundary conditions, is solved from the full Navier–Stokes equations. Small-scale turbulence has isotropic properties and is modeled similarly to semi-empirical RANS methods. The technique allows one to accurately calculate the vortex structure of any flow directly from the
equations of motion using relatively low computing power, in contrast to the RANS models, which simulate the flow using a simplified mathematical model and can provide satisfactory accuracy only for a limited range of problems. The
results indicate that eddy-resolving methods for modeling turbulence, in contrast to the methods based on averaged Navier–Stokes equations, make it possible to estimate the effect of aperiodic perturbations on the design of aircraft arising from the interaction of large eddies with each other and with the underlying surface. Such phenomena are accompanied by side impacts of a shock nature on the impeller rings, which can lead to loss of aircraft stability. Under conditions of a small propeller step, the use of an air ring results in a significant increase in the air flow passing through the rotor rotation loop, an increase in thrust due to the creation of flow circulation around the airfoil of the ring, and a decrease in the power on the propeller. Even though the effect of using an air ring disappears with a large incoming flow, this design is considered very promising for use on aircraft with vertical takeoff and landing. This mode of operation is the most energy-consuming and determines the greatest requirements for the lifting force of the power plant. The results
of this work have demonstrated that numerical methods based on averaging the Navier–Stokes equations and the use of classical turbulence models of the k–ω or k–ε type, which are widely used in numerical modeling of propellers, in
takeoff and landing modes fail to detect aperiodic unsteady phenomena associated with the interaction of large eddies, in contrast to eddy-resolving methods for modeling turbulence
An International Multi-center Study on Self-assessed and Family Quality of Life in Children with Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common childhood chronic inflammatory skin condition that greatly affects the quality of life (QoL) of affected children and their families. The aim of our study was to assess QoL and family QoL of children with AD from 4 different countries and then compare the data, evaluating the effects of AD severity and age of children. Data on the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) and the Dermatitis Family Impact (DFI) questionnaires and the SCORAD index of 167 AD children 5-16 years old from Ukraine, Czech Republic, Singapore, and Italy was used for the study. SCORAD correlated with the CDLQI in all 4 countries and with DFI in all countries except Singapore. Only in Czech children did the CDLQI correlate with their age. No significant correlations between age and DFI results were found. AD symptoms and expenditures related to AD were highly scored in all countries. Impact of AD on friendship and relations between family members were among the lower scored items, and family problems did not increase proportionately with duration of AD in any of the four countries. Self-assessed health-related QoL of children with AD in our study correlated better in most cases with disease severity than family QoL results. Parents of school children with AD were generally less stressed, tired, and exhausted than parents of preschool children. These data together with results showing that duration of AD in children does not affect relations between parents and other family members is optimistic news for families with children with AD who did not recover until adolescence.</p
Quality of life in hidradenitis suppurativa: an update
Knowledge on hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS) is rapidly increasing. HS has a profound impact on patients and their family life. Several factors, such as comorbidities, unemployment and HS severity, make this impact even more severe. The most widely used instrument to measure this impact is the dermatology-specific DLQI. We also identified six HS-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments. Of them, HIDRAdisk, HSIA, HiSQOL and HSQoL-24 are better validated but there is still lack of experience of its use. Several treatment methods showed positive effect on patients’ HRQoL. Surgery remains a method with a substantial positive effect on HRQoL. Several studies confirming a positive effect of adalimumab on the HRQoL of patients with HS were published during the last three years. Data on the influence of several other biologics on HRQoL of HS patients are controversial or based on studies with a small number of patients
Sensitivity to treatment and score bands of the Infants and Toddlers Dermatology Quality of Life questionnaire
Background. The Infants and Toddlers Dermatology Quality of Life (InToDermQoL) questionnaire is the first dermatology-specific proxy health related QoL instrument for children from birth to 4 years. Score meaning bands and the sensitivity to successful therapeutic intervention are important to interpret the clinical meaning of an instrument.
Objective. The aim of the present study was to check the sensitivity to successful therapeutic intervention and establish score bands of the InToDermQoL questionnaire.
Methods. Parents or grandparents of 424 children with skin diseases from Spain, Malta, Croatia, Romania, Greece, and Ukraine filled in national language versions of the InToDermQoL questionnaire. Disease severity of children with atopic dermatitis was assessed by SCORAD (Scoring atopic dermatitis). Cohen’s d was used to assess the responsiveness of the instrument.
Results. The mean total InToDermQoL scores significantly decreased after treatment. Severity grading of the SCORAD scores gave stratification of the InToDermQoL severity grades based on 95% confidence intervals. Scores below a calculated minimal important difference of 2 corresponded to no effect on patient’s health related QoL.
Limitations. Score banding may be slightly different across patient population and study context.
Conclusion. All 3 age-specific versions of the InToDermQoL questionnaire showed sensitivity to treatment. Score bands for the InToDermQoL questionnaire have been established