Оценка эффективности реорганизации банковского сектора Украины

У статті розглянуто основні методи реорганізації банківських установ. Оцінено ефективність процессу реорганізації в банках України. Висвітлено основні напрями підвищення ефективності банківських злиттів та поглинань.The article describes the main methods of reorganization of banking institutions. The work assesses the effectiveness of the restructuring process in banks of Ukraine. The paper highlights the main directions of increase of efficiency of bank mergers and acquisitions.В статье рассмотрены основные методы реорганизации банковских учреждений. Оценена эффективность процесса реорганизации в банках Украины. Освещены основные направления повышения эффективности банковских слияний и поглощений

Pharmaceutical Targeting the Envelope Protein of SARS-CoV-2: the Screening for Inhibitors in Approved Drugs

An essential overview of the biological role of coronavirus viroporin (envelope protein) is given, together with the effect of its known inhibitors on the life cycle of coronavirus. A docking study is conducted using a set of known drugs approved worldwide (ca. 6000 compounds) on a structure of the SARS-CoV-2 viroporin modelled from the published NMR-resolved structures. The screening has identified 36 promising drugs currently on the market, which could be proposed for pre-clinical trials

Thermodynamic view of activation energies of proton transfer in various gramicidin A channels.

The temperature dependencies (range: 5-45 degrees C) of single-channel proton conductances (g(H)) in native gramicidin A (gA) and in two diastereoisomers (SS and RR) of the dioxolane-linked gA channels were measured in glycerylmonooleate/decane (GMO) and diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine/decane (DiPhPC) bilayers. Linear Arrhenius plots (ln (g(H)) versus K(-1)) were obtained for the native gA and RR channels in both types of bilayers, and for the SS channel in GMO bilayers only. The Arrhenius plot for proton transfer in the SS channel in DiPhPC bilayers had a break in linearity around 20 degrees C. This break seems to occur only when protons are the permeating cations in the SS channel. The activation energies (E(a)) for proton transfer in various gA channels (approximately 15 kJ/mol) are consistent with the rate-limiting step being in the channel and/or at the membrane-channel/solution interface, and not in bulk solution. E(a) values for proton transfer in gA channels are considerably smaller than for the permeation of nonproton currents in gA as well as in various other ion channels. The E(a) values for proton transfer in native gA channels are nearly the same in both GMO and DiPhPC bilayers. In contrast, for the dioxolane linked gA dimers, E(a) values were strongly modulated by the lipid environment. The Gibbs activation free energies (Delta G(#)(o)) for protons in various gA channels are within the range of 27-29 kJ/mol in GMO bilayers and of 20-22 kJ/mol in DiPhPC bilayers. The largest difference between Delta G(#)(o) for proton currents occurs between native gA (or SS channels) and the RR channel. In general, the activation entropy (Delta S) is mostly responsible for the differences between g(H) values in various gA channels, and also in distinct bilayers. However, significant differences between the activation enthalpies (Delta H(#)(o)) for proton transfer in the SS and RR channels occur in distinct membranes

Proton Transfer in Gramicidin Channels is Modulated by the Thickness of Monoglyceride Bilayers

The thickness of monoglyceride planar bilayers has significant effects on the transfer of protons in both native gramicidin A (gA) and in covalently linked SS- and RR-dioxolane-linked gA proteins. Planar bilayers with various thicknesses were formed from an appropriate combination of monoglyceride with various fatty acid lengths and solvent. Bilayer thicknesses ranged from 25 Å (monoolein in squalene) to 54 Å (monoeicosenoin in decane). Single-channel conductances to protons (g(H)) were measured in the concentration range of 10–5000 mM HCl. In native gA as well as in RR channels, the shape of the log(g(H))-log([H(+)]) relationships was nonlinear and remained basically unaltered in monoglyceride bilayers with various thicknesses. For both native gA and RR channels, g(H) values were systematically and significantly larger in thin than in thick bilayers. By contrast, the shape of the log(g(H))-log([H(+)]) relationships in the SS channel was linear (with a slope considerably smaller than 1) in thick (>37 Å) bilayers. However, in thin (<37 Å) bilayers these plots became nonlinear and g(H) values approached those obtained in native gA channels. The linearization of the log-log plots in the SS channel in thick bilayers is a consequence of a dramatic increase (instead of a decrease as in native gA and RR channels) of g(H) in these bilayers in [H(+)] <1 M. The gating characteristics of the various gA channels as a function of bilayer thickness followed the same pattern as described previously. It was noticed, however, that in the thickest monoglyceride bilayer used in this study, both the SS- and RR-dioxolane-linked channels opened in a mode of bursting activity instead of remaining in the open state as in thin bilayers. It is proposed that the thickness of monoglyceride bilayers modulates proton transfer in native gA channels by a combination of factors including the access resistances of channels to H(+), and fluctuations in both the structure of the lipid bilayer and in the distance between gA monomers. The differential effects of relatively thick monoglyceride bilayers on proton transfer in both dioxolane-linked gA channels must relate to distinct interactions between the bilayers and the SS and RR dioxolanes

Career guidance as a priority in solving the personnel problem in healthcare

Over the past two decades, the availability of medical personnel in Russia’s healthcare sector has continued to deteriorate. Over the period from 2000 to 2018, it decreased by about 11 % for both doctors and specialists with secondary medical education. This is due to several reasons: the rejection of the previously existing system of training and saturation of the industry with specialists, the unsuccessful optimization of the country’s health system, the lack of attention of the authorities to young professionals, the creation of favorable conditions for them to live and work, etc. An important role is played by insufficient work on career guidance, including in medical specialties with students of General education organizations and the reluctance of medical workers to do this. The article provides recommendations for the organization of career guidance among high school students, describes the forms in which it can be carried out. This includes specialized medical classes, clubs for studying the basics of medical knowledge, and volunteering. The experience of the regional clinical hospital, which for 5 years has been supervising a specialized medical class, 78–96 % of whose graduates have chosen the medical profession is of considerable interest. Teachers of the Novosibirsk Medical College actively work with General education organizations, and therefore the competition among applicants is from 2 people per place in the specialty «Nurse» to 12–14 in the specialties «Pharmacy» and «Orthopedic dentistry». The effectiveness of career guidance largely depends on how systematically and methodically it is carried out. To successfully conduct it, you need to organize a three-level system: career guidance office (level I), career guidance point (level II), career guidance center (level III). The joint work of representatives of General education and medical organizations, medical schools, will help to ensure that school graduates will come to medicine, confident in the correctness of their chosen profession. After graduation, they will return to their native land, to their familiar environment, and with a high degree of probability will remain there forever

(Table 2) Oxygen, carbon, and strontium isotopic composition of carbonate-brucite material from the Lost City hydrothermal field

The isotopic (dD, d18O, d13C, and 87Sr/86Sr) and geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal solutions from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the material of brucite-carbonate chimneys at the Lost City hydrothermal field at 30°N, MAR, were examined to assay the role of the major factors controlling the genesis of the fluid and hydrothermal chimneys of the Lost City field. The values of dD and d18O in fluid samples indicates that solutions at the Lost City field were produced during the serpentinization of basement ultramafic rocks at temperatures higher than 200°C and at relatively low fluid/rock ratios (<1). The active role of serpentinization processes in the genesis of the Lost City fluid also follows from the results of the electron-microscopic studying of the material of hydrothermal chimneys at this field. The isotopic (d18O, d13C, and 87Sr/86Sr) and geochemical (Sr/Ca and REE) signatures indicate that, before its submarine discharging at the Lost City field, the fluid filtered through already cold altered outer zones of the Atlantis Massif and cooled via conductive heat loss. During this stage, the fluid could partly dissolve previously deposited carbonates in veins cutting serpentinite at the upper levels of the Atlantis Massif and the carbonate cement of sedimentary breccias underlying the hydrothermal chimneys. Because of this, the age of modern hydrothermal activity at the Lost City field can be much younger than 25 ka