Migration of human capital from developing countries of Europe in terms of European integration: causes and consequences

This article is devoted to studying causes and consequences of international migration from developing European countries to the Eurozone countries. The aim of the study is to evaluate migration attractiveness of the Eurozone states through the study of the impact of socio-economic factors on the number of arrivals of foreign workers from developing European countries. The main migration European centers are analyzed in the article. Priority areas for migrants from the developing European countries are presented with the graphical method. The authors point out that the contradictory nature of migration, which, on the one hand, opens up opportunities for qualified foreign workers, brings economic benefits to exporting and importing countries of labor, on the other hand, leads to negative consequences for countries involved in migration processes. The hypothesis about the importance of socio-economic factors of external migration in the Eurozone member states from developing European countries were confirmed as a result of the econometric research. It is revealed that when making decisions about migration, indicators such as average wage, crime rate, unemployment rate, GDP per capita, index of economic freedom, are taken into account. The significance of the results is enhanced by the fact that migration processes are indicative because the EU countries that were the first ones to experience the effects of the demographic transition, and as well as Russia, are trying to fill in missing manpower with growing migration. The obtained results can be of interest to professionals who are involved in the study of migration, development of migration policy and the challenges of demographic and cultural security. The findings can be adopted by relevant agencies to develop solutions which are aimed at attracting skilled migrants to the workforce-deficient sectors of the economy.Данная статья посвящена изучению причин и последствий внешней миграции населения из развивающихся европейских стран в государства Еврозоны. Целью исследования является оценка миграционной привлекательности государств - участниц Еврозоны через изучение степени воздействия социально-экономических факторов их развития на численность прибывших иностранных работников из развивающихся европейских стран. В статье проведен анализ главных миграционных центров Европы. С помощью графического метода представлены приоритетные территории для переселенцев из развивающихся европейских стран. Авторы отмечают противоречивый характер миграции, которая, с одной стороны, открывает широкие возможности для квалифицированных иностранных работников, приносит экономические выгоды странам-экспортерам и странам-импортерам трудовых ресурсов, с другой стороны, влечет за собой и негативные последствия для стран - участников миграционных процессов. В результате проведения эконометрического исследования были подтверждены гипотезы о значимости социально-экономических факторов внешней миграции в государствах - членах Еврозоны из развивающихся европейских стран. Выявлено, что при принятии решения о миграции учитываются такие показатели, как размер средней заработной платы, индекс преступности, уровень безработицы, величина ВВП на душу населения, индекс экономической свободы. Значимость полученных результатов усиливается тем обстоятельством, что рассматриваемые миграционные процессы являются показательными, так как развитые страны Европейского союза первыми испытали на себе последствия демографического перехода, и, так же как Россия, пытаются восполнить недостающие трудовые ресурсы за счет миграционного прироста. Полученные результаты могут быть интересны специалистам, занимающимся вопросами изучения миграции и разработки миграционной политики, а также проблемами демографической и культурной безопасности. Полученные выводы могут быть взяты на вооружение заинтересованными ведомствами для разработки решений, направленных на привлечение квалифицированных мигрантов в трудонедостаточные отрасли экономики.Публикация подготовлена в рамках проекта РГНФ № 16-02-00422 «Мониторинг внешней трудовой миграции в разработке инструментария повышения социально-экономического благополучия регионов России»

Study of the surface microrelief of copper nanoparticles by the method of scanning probe microscopy

This work was supported by grants from the RFBR № 17-07-00407-а and № 17-32-50137-mol_nr

Efficient Model Learning for Human-Robot Collaborative Tasks

We present a framework for learning human user models from joint-action demonstrations that enables the robot to compute a robust policy for a collaborative task with a human. The learning takes place completely automatically, without any human intervention. First, we describe the clustering of demonstrated action sequences into different human types using an unsupervised learning algorithm. These demonstrated sequences are also used by the robot to learn a reward function that is representative for each type, through the employment of an inverse reinforcement learning algorithm. The learned model is then used as part of a Mixed Observability Markov Decision Process formulation, wherein the human type is a partially observable variable. With this framework, we can infer, either offline or online, the human type of a new user that was not included in the training set, and can compute a policy for the robot that will be aligned to the preference of this new user and will be robust to deviations of the human actions from prior demonstrations. Finally we validate the approach using data collected in human subject experiments, and conduct proof-of-concept demonstrations in which a person performs a collaborative task with a small industrial robot

The System of Demographic Education in the Federal Universities of Russia

The article examines the development of demographic education in Russia. The empirical basis of the study is open source information on the content of educational programmes at various levels of education in federal universities in Russia. Federal universities were chosen due to their key role in training specialists for the region. The research aims to assess the current system of demographic education in federal universities in Russia. The study showed that competencies in the field of demographic education are in demand in modern conditions. The paper revealed that demographic education is not given due attention in all areas of study, demographic disciplines are absent in most of the curricula of economists, there is a shortage of applied and instrumental demographic disciplines. Most often, demographic disciplines are studied in the following areas: Sociology, Social work and State and municipal administration. The creation of scientific centres and laboratories specialising in regional demographic problems contributes to the development of demographic education at all stages of the educational process.Статья посвящена вопросам развития демографического образования в России. Эмпирической базой исследования является информация о содержании образовательных программ различных уровней обучения в федеральных университетах России, полученная из открытых источников. Выбор федеральных университетов связан с их ключевой ролью в подготовке специалистов для региона. Целью исследования является оценка сложившейся системы демографического образования в федеральных университетах России. Исследование показало, что компетенции в области демографического образования востребованы в современных условиях. В результате исследования выявлено, что не на всех направлениях обучения демографическому образованию уделяется должное внимание, демографические дисциплины отсутствуют в большинстве учебных планов экономистов, существует дефицит демографических дисциплин прикладного и инструментального характера. Чаще всего демографические дисциплины изучаются на направлениях: социология, социальная работа и государственное и муниципальное управление. Создание научных центров и лабораторий, специализирующихся на региональных демографических проблемах, способствует развитию демографического образования на всех этапах образовательного процесса.Публикация подготовлена в рамках выполнения НИР по госзаданию Института экономики УрО РАН на 2021–2023 гг. № 0327-2021-0011 «Институциональные модели и факторы социальной и экономической адаптации населения региона в условиях перехода к динамичному развитию»

Role of SNP markers on chromosome 10 in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common tachyarrhythmias, contributing to both environmental and genetic factors, a clear understanding of which can be extremely important for determining management tactics and predicting the disease course. The article provides a brief overview of studies on genetic predictors of AF, in particular, SNP markers found on chromosome 10. Establishing a relationship between the identified SNPs on chromosome 10 and functional genes, changes in the structure or regulation of which can affect the development of AF, opens the veil of understanding how these SNPs affect the pathogenesis of AF

ДИНАМИКА И СТРУКТУРА ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЕЙ ПРОЕКТОВ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЙ ЦЕЛЕВОЙ ПРОГРАММЫ «ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И РАЗРАБОТКИ ПО ПРИОРИТЕТНЫМ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯМ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА РОССИИ НА 2014–2020 ГОДЫ»

The article considers socio-demographic issues of research and development of the «Federal Target Program for Research and Development in Priority Areas of Development of the Russian Scientific and Technological Complex for 2014–2020». Analysis based on project's documents in the Program from 2014 to 2016. We studied the dynamics in both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of project performers – applied research and experimental development, and defined trends of project R&D personnel changes, including sociodemographic characteristics: age, size and composition of performers, the proportion of researchers with academic degree, and the proportion of women-researchers. In the article it is shown that specialists under 40 years of age are the largest part of project performers. The renewal of project personnel in time of projects is 65 percent. In the article it is also shown a strong correlation between project academic personnel and academic personnel of Russia as a whole. We devised proposals for tracking quantitative and qualitative parameters of project performers and for securing growth the skill level of young specialists in projects.В статье рассматриваются социально-демографические аспекты исследований и разработок одной из крупнейших федеральных целевых программ России «Исследования и разработки по приоритетным направлениям развития научно-технологического комплекса России на 2014–2020 годы». Анализ основан на документах проектов Программы 2014–2016 гг. Исследована динамика количественных и качественных характеристик исполнителей проектов – прикладных научных исследований и экспериментальных разработок, определены тенденции развития состава исполнителей проектов (возрастных, квалификационных, гендерных и иных параметров). В статье показано, что специалисты молодого возраста до 40 лет составляют наиболее многочисленную часть исполнителей. Выявлено обновление состава исполнителей в ходе выполнения исследований и разработок в среднем на 65%. Показана тесная связь динамики кадрового обеспечения сферы исследований и разработок с развитием кадрового состава российской науки в целом. Разработаны предложения по мониторингу количественных и качественных характеристик исполнителей проектов и обеспечению роста профессионального уровня молодых специалистов

The traditional and innovative technologies of vocational guidance work with pupils and students

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.Today, considering the needs of the Russian economy, the content and technology of training in career counseling from the point of view of practice is not sufficiently developed. Thus, a search for new forms, methods and means of conducting career guidance with students is necessary. This article offers a broad range of technologies and their optimal combination in career guidance work with pupils in the integrated system “School - University - Enterprise.” A leading approach to the study of this problem is an integrative approach that leads to the necessity to use both traditional and innovative technologies which contribute not only to effective assimilation of knowledge, but also early social adaptation of the prospective students to university conditions. Presented in the study traditional and innovative technologies of career guidance work with students (project method, role play, portfolio, internet technologies, comprehensive and career-oriented excursions), as well as the possibility of using information and educational potential of professional education institutions and enterprises for pupils’ vocational guidance in the context of their successive socialization contribute to the formation of professional identity, consciousness in the choice of the future profession of secondary schools’ students, as well as the selection of their own individual educational trajectories and to their adaptive abilities’ disclosure for future professional activity. The article is valuable for teachers and faculty of educational and vocational institutions in organizing and conducting of career guidance with students, applicants and students

Taphonomic phenomenon of ancient hair from Glacial Beringia:perspectives for palaeoecological reconstructions

An accumulation of mammoth hair, discovered in the Bol'shaya Chukochya River valley (northeast Yakutia, Russia), was found to contain remains of terrestrial and aquatic organisms, including plants, insects, crustaceans, birds and mammals. Radiocarbon dating indicated that this post-mortem taphocoenosis represented multiple time periods. The mammoth hair was dated to older than 45 ka BP, the plants were dated to 12 750 +/- 50 a BP (which corresponds to a shift in the environmental conditions and landscapes during the formation of thermokarst in northeastern Russia) and the bird feathers were dated to 4115 +/- 40 a BP. A scenario of the formation of this fossil assemblage is proposed, covering the MIS 3-1 time range. The hair also yielded various Arctic branchiopod crustaceans, which inhabit shallow temporary water bodies and therefore are important for reconstruction of palaeoenvironments. The cladoceran subgenus Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia), currently absent from the Asian part of Beringia, is reported from this region for the first time. The study demonstrates that the discovered permafrostpreserved hair is a unique repository of Ice Age organisms.</p

ЭНЕРГОСИЛОВЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПРИ ВОЛОЧЕНИИ ТРИМЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКОЙ ЗАГОТОВКИ

A design procedure of energy-power characteristics is proposed for the trimetallic raw part drawing process. Stresses in separate layers of trimetallic raw parts and total stresses of drawing are determined. The optimum geometry of drawing tool including key parameters of the process is found.Предлагается методика расчета энергосиловых характеристик при волочении триметаллической заготовки. Определяются напряжения в ее отдельных слоях и суммарные напряжения волочения. Выявляется оптимальная геометрия волочильного инструмента, включающая основные параметры технологического процесса

Cardiac tumors: analysis of surgical treatment

Aim. To analyze the preoperative status, intraoperative tumor characteristics and further clinical manifestations in patients after surgery for a cardiac tumor.Material and methods. The study included 54 patients who were operated on for a heart tumor from 2014 to 2020. We assessed clinical performance, diagnostic investigations before and after (during hospitalization) surgery, tumor size and histological characteristics.Results. Among patients operated on for cardiac tumors, women predominated (74%). Among comorbidities, hypertension (79,3%), chronic kidney disease (48,3%), and obesity (25,9%) were most common. There were following clinical manifestations before surgery: shortness of breath — 47 (81%) patients, palpitations and heart rhythm disturbance — 26 (44,8%), chest pain — 25 (43,1%), chest discomfort — 28 (49,1%), edema — 6 patients (10,3%). The predominant tumor localization was the left atrial fossa ovalis area (50%). According to histological analysis, myxoma prevailed — 38 cases (86,4%). After surgery, atrial fibrillation prevalence decreased from 8 patients before surgery to 6 after surgery (p=0,034), while left atrial size decreased by 0,6 mm (95% confidence interval, 4,39-6,2 mm) (p&lt;0,001).Conclusion. According to presented analysis over a 6-year period, cardiac neoplasms are more common in women (74,1%), while the mean age of patients is 59,7 years. Among comorbidities, hypertension prevails — 79,3%. Histological examination revealed a predominance of myxoma (86,4%). Predominant tumor location was the left atrial fossa ovalis area (50%). Surgical treatment of neoplasms was effective. So, prevalence of atrial fibrillation decreased by 25%, while left atrial size decreased by 0,6 mm. Postoperative complications and in-hospital deaths were not registered