AFM of metallic nano-particles and nano-structures in heavily irradiated NaCl

AFM investigations are reported for heavily, electron irradiated NaCl crystals in ultra high vacuum (UHV) in the non-contact mode with an UHV AFM/STM Omicron system. To avoid chemical reactions between the radiolytic Na and oxygen and water, the irradiated samples were cleaved and prepared for the experiments in UHV. At the surface of freshly cleaved samples, we have observed sodium nano-precipitates with shapes, which depend on the irradiation dose and the volume fraction of the radiolytic Na. It appears that the nano-structures consist of (i) isolated nano-particles, (ii) more or less random aggregates of these particles, (iii) fractally shaped networks and (iv) ‘‘fabrics’’ consisting of bundles of Quasi-1D arrays forming polymeric networks of nano-particles. Almost independent of the concentration of the metallic Na in the samples the size of the individual nano-particles is in the range 1–3 nm. Our new AFM results are fully in line with our CESR and previous Raman scattering results.

Perspective directions in the development of architecture of the polytechnic museums

The museums of science and technology (or polytechnic) highlight the process of the innovational development of the society and have their own place in the system of school-science-industry-technical culture. The innovational activity of certain regions, states or groups of states is comprised of inventions, discoveries, new products and technologies that is all that provides the development of society and its competitive advantages. The modern polytechnic museums combine not only the functions of the demonstration of the achievements of the scientific and technological progress but also training and development of new inventions. In connection with the multifunctional nature of the modern polytechnic museum architects face the challenge of the creation of the architecture with universal dimensional planning elements, with its possible transformation in the course of time.Keywords: museum; science; innovations; technology; typolog

The reactivity of organosilicon derivatives of phosphorus in addition reactions

The results of studies of the reactivity of organosilicon derivatives of tricoordinate and tetracoordinate phosphorus containing the P–X–Si (X = O, N, or S) groups in reactions involving addition to various unsaturated systems are examined and surveyed. Attention has been concentrated on the elucidation of the specific influence of the trialkylsilyl group on the character of the reaction of phosphorus–silicon compounds. The bibliography includes 137 references. © 1984 The British Library

Selective Phosphorylation of Conjugated α-Enones at the Carbonyl Group, Catalyzed by Cyclohexylamine

Reaction of dialkyl phosphites with benzalacetophenone (chalcone) and benzalacetone in the presence of cyclohexylamine as a catalyst is a convenient preparative method for selective phosphorylation of conjugated α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds at the carbonyl group. The kinetics of cyclohexylamine-catalyzed addition of dialkyl phosphites to cis- and trans-chalcones is studied, and factors are revealed that influence the reactivity of addends in this reaction

Reaction of Trichloro(o-phenylenedioxy)phosphorane with Four-Coordinate Phosphorus Esters

Reactions of trialkyl phosphates and dialkyl alkenylphosphonates with trichloro(o-phenylenedioxy)phosphorane result in selective replacement of one alkoxy group on the phosphorus by a chlorine atom. Alkylphosphonates react with trichloro(o-phenylenedioxy)phosphorane to give alkyl alkylphosphonochloridates as the major products and small amounts of alkylphosphonic dichlorides

On Legislation and Law Enforcement Practice Monitoring in the Russian Federation

The results of legislation and law enforcement practice monitoring in the Russian Federation are analyzed in the article. A number of proposals for its further improvement are offered

Dithiophosphorylation of racemic and enantiomerically pure 1-phenylethanamines

N,N′-Bis[(RS)-, (S)-, and (R)-1-phenylethyl]phosphorodiamidodithioic acids were synthesized by reactions of racemic and enantiomerically pure 1-phenylethanamines with tetraphosphorus decasulfide. © 2014 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Optically active s-esters of dithiophosphoric acid on the basis of (1S)-endo-(-)-borneol

The ammonium salt of optically active dithiophosphoric acid obtained by the reaction of tetraphosphorus decasulfide with (1S)-endo-(-)-borneol reacts with benzoyl chloride, methyl chloroacetate and epichlorohydrin to form novel dithiophosphate S-esters. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Partition constants of α-aminophosphonates in two-phase aqueous-organic solvent systems

Two-phase potentiometric titration was used to determine partition constants for a series of α-aminophosphonates (RO)2P(O)CH 2NR1R2 [R = Alk (C2-C5), R1, R2 = Me, Et, (CH2)5] between water and organic solvents, such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, octane, n-octanol, nitrobenzene, o-xylene, and cyclohexane. Correlations between the partition constants and the number of carbon atoms in substrate molecules were obtained. Solvent effects on partition constants were discussed, and solution parameters of α-aminophosphonates were calculated. ©2004 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica"