55 research outputs found
Prehospital management of exertional heat stroke at sports competitions for Paralympic athletes
Objectives: To adapt key components of exertional heat stroke (EHS) prehospital management proposed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Adverse Weather Impact Expert Working Group for the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 so that it is applicable for the Paralympic athletes.Methods: An expert working group representing members with research, clinical and lived sports experience from a Para sports perspective reviewed and revised the IOC consensus document of current best practice regarding the prehospital management of EHS.Results: Similar to Olympic competitions, Paralympic competitions are also scheduled under high environmental heat stress; thus, policies and procedures for EHS prehospital management should also be established and followed. For Olympic athletes, the basic principles of EHS prehospital care are: early recognition, early diagnosis, rapid, on-site cooling, and advanced clinical care. Although these principles also apply for Paralympic athletes, slight differences related to athlete physiology (e.g., autonomic dysfunction) and mechanisms for hands-on management (e.g., transferring the collapsed athlete or techniques for whole-body cooling) may require adaptation for care of the Paralympic athlete.Conclusions: Prehospital management of EHS in the Paralympic setting employs the same procedures as for Olympic athletes with some important alterations.</div
Risk of injuries in Paralympic track and field differs by impairment and event discipline A prospective cohort study at the London 2012 Paralympic Games
Background: The incidence rates (IRs) and factors associated with injuries in the sport of Paralympic athletics (track and field) have not been comprehensively and prospectively studied. Purpose: To determine injury IRs, characteristics of injuries, and associated factors in the sport of athletics at the London 2012 Paralympic Games. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 977 athletes competing in the sport of athletics were followed over a total 10-day competition period of the Paralympic Games. Daily injury data were obtained via 2 databases: (1) a custom-built, web-based injury and illness surveillance system (WEB-IISS), maintained by team medical personnel; and (2) the organizing committee database, maintained by medical providers in the medical stations operated by the London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Athlete impairment and event discipline were obtained via the International Paralympic Committee athlete database. IRs (injuries per 1000 athlete-days) by impairment, event discipline, sex, and age were examined. Results: The overall IR was 22.1 injuries per 1000 athlete-days (95% CI, 19.5-24.7). In track disciplines, ambulant athletes with cerebral palsy experienced a lower incidence of injuries (IR, 10.2; 95% CI, 4.2-16.2) when compared with ambulant athletes from other impairment categories. Athletes in seated throwing experienced a higher incidence of injuries (IR, 23.7; 95% CI, 17.5-30.0) when compared with athletes in wheelchair racing (IR, 10.6; 95% CI, 5.5-15.6). In both track and field disciplines, the majority of injuries did not result in time loss from competition or training. Ambulant athletes experienced the greatest proportion of injuries to the thigh (16.4% of all injuries; IR, 4.0), observed predominantly in track athletes. Wheelchair or seated athletes experienced the greatest proportion of injuries to the shoulder/clavicle (19.3% of all injuries; IR, 3.4), observed predominantly in field athletes. Conclusion: This is the first prospective cohort study examining injury IRs and associated factors in the sport of athletics at the Paralympic Games. Injury patterns were specific to the event discipline and athlete impairment. The majority of injuries occurred to the thigh (ambulant athletes) or shoulder/clavicle (wheelchair or seated athletes) and did not result in time loss. </jats:sec
The epidemiology of injuries in paralympic powerlifting at the London 2012 Paralympic Games: an analysis of 1411 athlete-days
Assessment of body composition in spinal cord injury: A scoping review.
The objective of this scoping review was to map the evidence on measurement properties of body composition tools to assess whole-body and regional fat and fat-free mass in adults with SCI, and to identify research gaps in order to set future research priorities. Electronic databases of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library were searched up to April 2020. Included studies employed assessments related to whole-body or regional fat and/or fat-free mass and provided data to quantify measurement properties that involved adults with SCI. All searches and data extractions were conducted by two independent reviewers. The scoping review was designed and conducted together with an expert panel (n = 8) that represented research, clinical, nutritional and lived SCI experience. The panel collaboratively determined the scope and design of the review and interpreted its findings. Additionally, the expert panel reached out to their professional networks to gain further stakeholder feedback via interactive practitioner surveys and workshops with people with SCI. The research gaps identified by the review, together with discussions among the expert panel including consideration of the survey and workshop feedback, informed the formulation of future research priorities. A total of 42 eligible articles were identified (1,011 males and 143 females). The only tool supported by studies showing both acceptable test-retest reliability and convergent validity was whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The survey/workshop participants considered the measurement burden of DXA acceptable as long as it was reliable, valid and would do no harm (e.g. radiation, skin damage). Practitioners considered cost and accessibility of DXA major barriers in applied settings. The survey/workshop participants expressed a preference towards simple tools if they could be confident in their reliability and validity. This review suggests that future research should prioritize reliability and validity studies on: (1) DXA as a surrogate 'gold standard' tool to assess whole-body composition, regional fat and fat-free mass; and (2) skinfold thickness and waist circumference as practical low-cost tools to assess regional fat mass in persons with SCI, and (3) females to explore potential sex differences of body composition assessment tools. Registration review protocol: CRD42018090187 (PROSPERO)
A sporting chance
No abstract available.For the IOC Mental Health in Elite Athletes Toolkit see
https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Document%20Library/IOC/Athletes/Safe-Sport-Initiatives/IOC-Mental-Health-In-Elite-Athletes-Toolkit-2021.pdfhttp://www.thelancet.com/psychiatryhj2021Sports Medicin
Sport, sex and age increase risk of illness at the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games: a prospective cohort study of 51 198 athlete days
OBJECTIVETo describe the epidemiology of illness at the
Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games.
METHODS A total of 3657 athletes from 78 countries,
representing 83.5% of all athletes at the Games,
were monitored on the web-based injury and illness
surveillance system (WEB-IISS) over 51 198 athlete days
during the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games. Illness
data were obtained daily from teams with their own
medical support through the WEB-IISS electronic data
capturing systems.
RESULTSThe total number of illnesses was 511, with an
illness incidence rate (IR) of 10.0 per 1000 athlete days
(12.4%). The highest IRs were reported for wheelchair
fencing (14.9), para swimming (12.6) and wheelchair
basketball (12.5) (p<0.05). Female athletes and older
athletes (35–75 years) were also at higher risk of illness
(both p<0.01). Illnesses in the respiratory, skin and
subcutaneous and digestive systems were the most
common (IRs of 3.3, 1.8 and 1.3, respectively).
CONCLUSION (1) The rate of illness was lower than
that reported for the London 2012 Summer Paralympic
Games; (2) the sports with the highest risk were
wheelchair fencing, para swimming and wheelchair
basketball; (3) female and older athletes (35–75 years)
were at increased risk of illness; and (4) the respiratory
system, skin and subcutaneous system and digestive
system were most affected by illness. These results allow
for comparison at future Games
Concussion in para sport:the first position statement of the Concussion in Para Sport (CIPS) Group
Concussion is a frequent injury in many sports and is also common in para athletes. However, there is a paucity of concussion research related to para sport, and prior International Concussion in Sport (CIS) consensus papers have not substantively addressed this population. To remedy this and to improve concussion care provided to para athletes, the concussion in para sport (CIPS) multidisciplinary expert group was created. This group analysed and discussed in-depth para athlete-specific issues within the established key clinical domains of the current (2017) consensus statement on CIS. Due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the group held all meetings by video conferencing. The existing Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) for the immediate on-field and office-based off-field assessment of concussion was evaluated as part of this process, to identify any para athlete-specific concerns. Regular preparticipation and periodic health examinations are essential to determine a baseline reference point for concussion symptoms but pose additional challenges for the interpreting clinician. Further considerations for concussion management for the para athlete are required within the remove, rest, reconsider and refer consensus statement framework. Considering return to sport (RTS), the 2017 CIS consensus statement has limitations when considering the RTS of the para athlete. Case-by-case decision making related to RTS following concussion is imperative for para athletes. Additional challenges exist for the evaluation and management of concussion in para athletes. There is a need for greater understanding of existing knowledge gaps and attitudes towards concussion among athlete medical staff, coaches and para athletes. Future research should investigate the use and performance of common assessment tools in the para athlete population to better guide their clinical application and inform potential modifications. Concussion prevention strategies and sport-specific rule changes, such as in Para Alpine Skiing and Cerebral Palsy Football, also should be carefully considered to reduce the occurrence of concussion in para athletes
The incidence and patterns of illness at the Sochi 2014 Winter Paralympic Games:a prospective cohort study of 6564 athlete days
OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of illness at
the Sochi 2014 Winter Paralympic Games.
METHODS A total of 547 athletes from 45 countries
were monitored daily for 12 days over the Sochi 2014
Winter Paralympic Games (6564 athlete days). Illness
data were obtained daily from teams without their own
medical support (13 teams, 37 athletes) and teams with
their own medical support (32 teams, 510 athletes)
through electronic data capturing systems.
RESULTS The total number of illnesses reported was
123, with an illness incidence rate (IR) of 18.7 per 1000
athlete days (95% CI 15.1% to 23.2%). The highest IR
was reported for wheelchair curling (IR of 20.0 (95% CI
10.1% to 39.6%)). Illnesses in the respiratory system (IR
of 5.6 (95% CI 3.8% to 8.0%)), eye and adnexa (IR of
2.7 (95% CI 1.7% to 4.4%)) and digestive system (IR of
2.4 (95% CI 1.4% to 4.2%)) were the most common.
Older athletes (35–63 years) had a significantly higher IR
than younger athletes (14–25 years, p=0.049).
CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that
Paralympic athletes report higher illness incidence rates
compared to Olympic athletes at similar competitions.
The highest rates of illness were reported for the
respiratory and digestive systems, eye and adnexa,
respectively. Thus, the results of this study form a basis
for the identification of physiological systems at higher
risk of illness, which can in turn inform illness prevention and management programmes with eventual policy
change to promote athlete safety in future editions of
the Winter Paralympic Games.IOC Research Centre (South Africa) Grant, IPC Research Grant.http://bjsm.bmj.comam2016Sports Medicin
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