MPTP-Treated Zebrafish Recapitulate ‘Late-Stage’ Parkinson’s-like Cognitive Decline

The zebrafish is a promising model species in biomedical research, including neurotoxicology and neuroactive drug screening. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) evokes degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and is commonly used to model Parkinson’s disease (PD) in laboratory animals, including zebrafish. However, cognitive phenotypes in MPTP-evoked experimental PD models remain poorly understood. Here, we established an LD50 (292 mg/kg) for intraperitoneal MPTP administration in adult zebrafish, and report impaired spatial working memory (poorer spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze) in a PD model utilizing fish treated with 200 µg of this agent. In addition to conventional behavioral analyses, we also employed artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches to independently and without bias characterize MPTP effects on zebrafish behavior during the Y-maze test. These analyses yielded a distinct cluster for 200-µg MPTP (vs. other) groups, suggesting that high-dose MPTP produced distinct, computationally detectable patterns of zebrafish swimming. Collectively, these findings support MPTP treatment in adult zebrafish as a late-stage experimental PD model with overt cognitive phenotypes. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: The experiments were implemented using the equipment and unique scientific installation “Biological collection–Genetic biomodels of neuropsychiatric disorders” (No. 493387) of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine” theme no. AAAA-A21-121011990039-2 (2021–2025). The study partially used the facilities and equipment of the Resource Fund of Applied Genetics MIPT (support grant 075-15-2021-684)

Adapted Lethality: What We Can Learn from Guinea Pig-Adapted Ebola Virus Infection Model

Establishment of small animal models of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection is important both for the study of genetic determinants involved in the complex pathology of EBOV disease and for the preliminary screening of antivirals, production of therapeutic heterologic immunoglobulins, and experimental vaccine development. Since the wild-type EBOV is avirulent in rodents, the adaptation series of passages in these animals are required for the virulence/lethality to emerge in these models. Here, we provide an overview of our several adaptation series in guinea pigs, which resulted in the establishment of guinea pig-adapted EBOV (GPA-EBOV) variants different in their characteristics, while uniformly lethal for the infected animals, and compare the virologic, genetic, pathomorphologic, and immunologic findings with those obtained in the adaptation experiments of the other research groups

Performance Scalability of the Multimedia Instruction Set Extensions

Abstract. Current media ISA extensions such as Sun’s VIS consist of SIMD-like instructions that operate on short vector registers. In order to exploit more parallelism in a superscalar processor provided with such instructions, the issue width has to be increased. In the ComplexStreamed Instruction (CSI) set exploiting more parallelism does not involve issuing more instructions. In this paper we study how the performance of superscalar processors extended with CSI or VIS scales with the amount of parallel execution hardware. Results show that the performance of the CSI-enhanced processor scales very well. For example, increasing the datapath width of the CSI execution unit from 16 to 32 bytes improves the kernel-level performance by a factor of 1.56 on average. The VISenhanced machine is unable to utilize large amounts of parallel execution hardware efficiently. Due to the huge number of instructions that need to be executed, the decode-issue logic constitutes a bottleneck.

Apoptosis and apoptotic extracellular vesicular particles in atherogenesis

The review summarizes current notions on the role of apoptosis and apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles in atherogenesis. The mechanisms of efferocytosis impairment and its significance in atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation are discussed. The data on the pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of apoptotic extracellular vesicular particles are presented