Remote Sensing of Alpha and Beta Sources - Modeling Summary

Evaluating the potential for optical detection of the products of interactions of energetic electrons or other particles with the background atmosphere depends on predictions of change in atmospheric concentrations of species which would generate detectable spectral signals within the range of observation. The solar blind region of the spectrum, in the ultra violet, would be the logical band for outdoor detection (see Figure 1). The chemistry relevant to these processes is composed of ion-molecule reactions involving the initially created N{sub 2}{sup +} and O{sub 2}{sup +} ions, and their subsequent interactions with ambient trace atmospheric constituents. Effective modeling of the atmospheric chemical system acted upon by energetic particles requires knowledge of the dominant mechanism that exchange charge and associate it with atmospheric constituents, kinetic parameters of the individual processes (see e.g. Brasseur and Solomon, 1995), and a solver for the coupled differential equations that is accurate for the very stiff set of time constants involved. The LLNL box model, VOLVO, simulates the diel cycle of trace constituent photochemistry for any point on the globe over the wide range of time scales present using a stiff Gear-type ODE solver, i.e. LSODE. It has been applied to problems such as tropospheric and stratospheric nitrogen oxides, stratospheric ozone production and loss, and tropospheric hydrocarbon oxidation. For this study we have included the appropriate ion flux

Development of transparent ceramic Ce-doped gadolinium garnet gamma spectrometers

Abstract not provide

Performance of europium-doped strontium iodide, transparent ceramics and bismuth-loaded polymer scintillators

Recently discovered scintillators for gamma ray spectroscopy, single crystal SrI{sub 2}(Eu), GYGAG(Ce) transparent ceramic and Bismuth-loaded plastics, offer resolution and fabrication advantages compared to commercial scintillators, such as NaI(Tl) and standard PVT plastic. Energy resolution at 662 keV of 2.7% is obtained with SrI{sub 2}(Eu), while 4.5% is obtained with GYGAG(Ce). A new transparent ceramic scintillator for radiographic imaging systems, GLO(Eu) offers high light yield of 70,000 Photons/MeV, high stopping, and low radiation damage. Implementation of single crystal SrI{sub 2}(Eu), Gd-based transparent ceramics, and Bi-loaded plastic scintillators can advance the state-of-the art in ionizing radiation detection systems