НЕЙРО-СЕТЕВОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ В ЗАДАЧАХ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ РЕЖИМОВ РАБОТЫ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ СЕТЕЙ

Purpose. Form a neuro-fuzzy network based on temperature monitoring of overhead transmission line for the prediction modes of the electrical network. Methodology. To predict the load capacity of the overhead line architecture provides the use of neuro-fuzzy network based on temperature monitoring of overhead line. The proposed neuro-fuzzy network has a four-layer architecture with direct transmission of information. To create a full mesh network architecture based on hybrid neural elements with power estimation accuracy of the following two stages of the procedure: - in the first stage a core network (without power estimation accuracy) is generated; - in the second stage architecture and network parameters are fixed obtained during the first stage, and it is added to the block estimation accuracy, the input signals which are all input, internal and output signals of the core network, as well as additional input signals. Results. Formed neuro-fuzzy network based on temperature monitoring of overhead line. Originality. A distinctive feature of the proposed network is the ability to process information specified in the different scales of measurement, and high performance for prediction modes mains. Practical value. The monitoring system will become a tool parameter is measuring the temperature of the wire, which will, based on a retrospective analysis of the accumulated information on the parameters to predict the thermal resistance of the HV line and as a result carry out the calculation of load capacity in real time.В статье сформирована нейро-фаззи сеть с учетом температурного мониторинга воздушной линии. Отличительной особенностью, предложенной сети, являются возможность обработки информации, заданной в разных шкалах измерения, и высокое быстродействие для прогнозирования режимов работы электрической сети.У статті сформована нейро-фаззі мережа з урахуванням температурного моніторингу повітряної лінії. Відмінною особливістю, запропонованої мережі, є можливість обробки інформації, яку задано в різних шкалах вимірювання, і висока швидкодія для прогнозування режимів роботи електричної мережі

Influence of retardation effects on 2D magnetoplasmon spectrum

Within dissipationless limit the magnetic field dependence of magnetoplasmon spectrum for unbounded 2DEG system found to intersect the cyclotron resonance line, and, then approaches the frequency given by light dispersion relation. Recent experiments done for macroscopic disc-shape 2DEG systems confirm theory expectations.Comment: 2 pages,2 figure

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ВЫСОКОПОЛЬНОЙ МРТ И ЕЕ МЕСТО В АЛГОРИТМЕ РАННЕГО РАСПОЗНАВАНИЯ ЭКТОПИЧЕСКОЙ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ

The article presents a developed contact MR patterns useful in the differential diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy of early terms of pregnancy and unknown localization (PUL), gematosalpinksa formed as a result of interruption of tubal pregnancy and blood reflux from the uterus. At the same time, to solve the problems of diagnostics PUL, we have developed and tested a method of thin sections in the axial and coronal planes T2-WI, which is sufficient to answer the question about the presence of the expansion of the fallopian tubes.В статье представлены МР-паттерны дифференциальной диагностики эктопической беременности ранних сроков и беременности неустановленной локализации (БНЛ), гематосальпинкса, образованного в результате прерывания трубной беременности и рефлюкса крови из полости матки. Для решения задачи дифференциальной диагностики БНЛ разработана и апробирована методика тонких срезов в аксиальной и корональной плоскостях Т2-ВИ, показанием к использованию которой является подозрение на наличие расширения маточных труб

Ранняя диагностика эктопической беременности с использованием современных методов медицинской визуализации: проспективное исследование

INTRODUCTION: The algorithm for diagnosing ectopic pregnancy (EP), including b-chorionic gonadotropin in the blood and ultrasound of the pelvic organs, does not allow detecting its localization in the next 7 days after treatment in 10% of women.OBJECTIVE: Тo improve the algorithm of diagnostics of EP by correcting the ultrasound protocol, as well as adding MRI studies.MATERIALS AND METHODS: 290 patients with suspected EP, of which 278 were operated on. Women were divided according to menstrual delay: up to 6 weeks (Group 1, n=119), 6–9 weeks (Group 2, n=135), more than 9 weeks (Group 3, n=36). Ultrasound studies were performed in dynamics up to 144 hours on the VOLUSON-730 expert (GE); MR studies — on a 1.5T tomograph «Magnetom Avanto» (Siemens). Statistics: Statistical analysis of the study results was performed using the Statistica for Windows 10.0 software package (StatSoft, Inc., USA).RESULTS: Ultrasound symptoms of EP: group 1 (n=94) — ectopic fetal egg (EPO) and tubal ring (TC) 5 times more often than hematosalpinx (HS) and heterogeneous adnexal formation (NPO) (χ12=14.28; p=0.0002 and χ22=13.75, р=0.0003); 2 (n=116) — EPO and TC 3 times more often than GS (χ121=4.8; р12=0.028 and χ222=8.1; р22=0.004) and NPO (χ12=6.65; р1=0.009 and χ22=10.4; р2=0.001); 3 (n=31) — TC and NPO more often than EPO (χ12=8.00; p1=0.004; χ22=14.28; p2=0.0002). Ultrasound is not informative: group 1 — more than half of the cases; 2 — 24.5%; 3 — 65% of cases. In pregnancies of unknown location (PUL, n=30), MR patterns of EP were studied : in 1⁄3 of cases, progressive early EP was found, in 1⁄3 — undilated fallopian tubes, and in 1⁄3 of cases of HS. Sensitivity of ultrasound in relation to EP: group 1 — 42%; 2 — 76.5%; 3 — 35%; it depends on the period of menstrual delay (r=0.507, p=0.01).DISCUSSION: In PUL, MRI is indicated for all patients who have a menstrual delay of more than 6 weeks, regardless of the level of b-HCG in their blood, and with a menstrual delay of up to 6 weeks, only if the increase in b-HCG in the blood is less than 50% of physiological values.CONCLUSION: The inclusion of MRI in the algorithm for diagnosing EP increases its sensitivity and specificity to almost 100%, regardless of the period of menstrual delay.ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Алгоритм диагностики эктопической беременности (ЭБ), включающий b-хорионический гонадотропин в крови и УЗИ органов малого таза, не позволяет выявить ее локализацию в ближайшие 7 дней после обращения у 10% женщин.ЦЕЛЬ: Усовершенствовать алгоритм диагностики ЭБ путем коррекции протокола УЗИ, а также присоединения МР-исследований.МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: 290 пациенток с подозрением на ЭБ, из которых 278 прооперированы. Женщины разделены по менструальной задержке: до 6 недель (1-я группа, n=119), 6–9 недель (2-я группа, n=135), более 9 недель (3-я группа, n=36). УЗИ выполнены в динамике до 144 ч в УЗ-сканере «VOLUSON-730 еxpert» (GE); МР-исследования (МРИ) — на томографе 1,5Т «Magnetom Avanto» (Siеmens). Статистика: Статистический анализ результатов исследования выполняли с использованием пакета прикладных программ Statistica for Windows 10.0 (StatSoft®, Inc., США).РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: УЗ-симптомы ЭБ: 1-я группа (n=94) — эктопическое плодное яйцо (ЭПЯ) и трубное кольцо (ТК) встречались в  5 раз чаще, чем гематосальпинкс (ГС) и  неоднородное придатковое образование (НПО) (χ12=14,28; р=0,0002 и χ22=13,75; р=0,0003); 2-я группа (n=116) — ЭПЯ и ТК в 3 раза чаще, чем ГС (χ121=4,8; р12=0,028 и χ222=8,1; р22=0,004) и НПО (χ12=6,65; р1=0,009 и χ22=10,4; р2=0,001); 3-я группа (n=31) — ТК и НПО чаще по сравнению с ЭПЯ (χ12=8,00; р1=0,004; χ22=14,28; р2=0,0002). УЗИ оказалось неинформативно в  1-й группе более чем в  половине случаев, во 2-й группе — в 24,5%, в 3-й группе — в 65% случаев. При беременности неустановленной локализации (БНЛ, n=30) изучены МР-паттерны ЭБ: в 1⁄3 случаев установлена прогрессирующая ЭБ раннего срока, в 1⁄3 — нерасширенные маточные трубы и в 1⁄3 случаев ГС. Чувствительность УЗИ в отношении ЭБ составила в 1-й группе 42%, во 2-й группе — 76,5%, в 3-й группе — 35%; она зависит от срока менструальной задержки (r=0,507, p=0,01).ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ: При БНЛ показано проведение МРТ всем пациенткам, имеющим менструальную задержку более 6 недель независимо от уровня b-ХГ в крови, а при менструальной задержке до 6 недель только при приросте b-ХГ в крови менее 50% от физиологических значений.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Включение МРТ в алгоритм диагностики ЭБ повышает его чувствительность и специфичность практически до 100% независимо от срока менструальной задержки

OPTIMIZATION OF RADIATION PROTECTION BY ELIMINATING WEEDS OUT RASTER DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY OF THE CHEST

An experimental study of the possibility of eliminating the raster digital radiography. On stationary digital x-ray machine produced 117 x-ray images of the test object and x-rays of the chest cavity with the gridand without him several patients-volunteers. Proven ability to eliminate grid digital radiography by digital processing of images, made without the grid that reduces dose radiation exposure of the patient more than in 3 times. «Virtual» grids enough improve the diagnostic quality of the photo to eliminate the pathology

НЕЙРО-СЕТЕВОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ В ЗАДАЧАХ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ РЕЖИМОВ РАБОТЫ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ СЕТЕЙ

Purpose. Form a neuro-fuzzy network based on temperature monitoring of overhead transmission line for the prediction modes of the electrical network. Methodology. To predict the load capacity of the overhead line architecture provides the use of neuro-fuzzy network based on temperature monitoring of overhead line. The proposed neuro-fuzzy network has a four-layer architecture with direct transmission of information. To create a full mesh network architecture based on hybrid neural elements with power estimation accuracy of the following two stages of the procedure: - in the first stage a core network (without power estimation accuracy) is generated; - in the second stage architecture and network parameters are fixed obtained during the first stage, and it is added to the block estimation accuracy, the input signals which are all input, internal and output signals of the core network, as well as additional input signals. Results. Formed neuro-fuzzy network based on temperature monitoring of overhead line. Originality. A distinctive feature of the proposed network is the ability to process information specified in the different scales of measurement, and high performance for prediction modes mains. Practical value. The monitoring system will become a tool parameter is measuring the temperature of the wire, which will, based on a retrospective analysis of the accumulated information on the parameters to predict the thermal resistance of the HV line and as a result carry out the calculation of load capacity in real time.В статье сформирована нейро-фаззи сеть с учетом температурного мониторинга воздушной линии. Отличительной особенностью, предложенной сети, являются возможность обработки информации, заданной в разных шкалах измерения, и высокое быстродействие для прогнозирования режимов работы электрической сети.У статті сформована нейро-фаззі мережа з урахуванням температурного моніторингу повітряної лінії. Відмінною особливістю, запропонованої мережі, є можливість обробки інформації, яку задано в різних шкалах вимірювання, і висока швидкодія для прогнозування режимів роботи електричної мережі

Results of the clinical evaluation of the low-dose protocols of the digital linear tomography of the chest

High levels of tuberculosis morbidity in the Russian Federation lead to the extensive use of X-ray diagnostics for the tuberculosis screening and assessment of the effectiveness of treatment. Digital radiography and computed tomography are traditionally used for the diagnostics of tuberculosis. These methods are associated with significant drawbacks: low specificity for radiography, high costs per examination, significant patient doses, and limited availability for computed tomography. As an additional method for the assessment of the effectiveness of the tuberculosis treatment it is possible to use linear tomography performed on the digital X-ray units. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the possibility of utilization of the digital linear tomography for the control of the effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment in a dedicated antitubercular medical facility. The study was divided in two stages. The first stage was aimed at the assessment of the diagnostic image quality of the digital linear tomograms obtained using the previously developed low-dose imaging protocols. Image quality assessment was performed using an anthropomorphic chest phantom and dedicated imitators of the lung lesions. Image quality was assessed by the experts (radiologists) based on the developed image quality criteria. Results of the first stage of the study indicate that all low-dose protocols allow obtaining images with at least acceptable image quality. Hence it was possible to propose low-dose protocols for clinical evaluations. The second stage of the study was performed as a prospective cohort survey aimed at the evaluation of the structure of X-ray examinations, patient doses and clinical image quality of the digital linear tomograms in antitubercular early treatment center. The cohort survey included two patient samples, uniform by age and gender composition, anthropometric characteristics and structure of diagnosis. One of the samples was imaged using standard (vendor) digital linear protocols, other – using the proposed low-dose protocols. Dose data collection (measurement of dose-area product and subsequent calculation of effective dose) and expert image quality assessment was performed for each patient. The results of the second stage of the study indicate that the use of the low-dose protocols allow reducing the patient effective doses per examination up to a factor of 6–8 (0.56 – 5.9 mSv for standard protocols; 0.2 – 1.15 mSv for low-dose protocols) due to the reduction in tube current-time product (126 mean mAs and 11 mean mAs, respectively). The dose reduction is accompanied by the reduction in the image quality of the linear tomograms (from “excellent” or “good” for standard protocols to “acceptable” for low-dose protocols). However, that dose not hinder the conclusion decision and identification of pathologies. Results of the study indicate that digital linear tomography can be used for the evaluation of the dynamics of the pathological process in the lungs with the previously defined localization of the pathology. The presented low-dose protocols were implemented into radiological practice of the antitubercular early treatment center. Currently, the proposed low-dose protocols are under evaluation for the large-scale study on the base of general practice hospital