The Effects of Acupuncture Stimulation for Brain Activation and Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy: Functional MRI Study

We attempted to investigate whether acupuncture stimulation at HT7 can have an effect on brain activation patterns and alcohol abstinence self-efficacy. Thirty-four right-handed healthy subjects were recruited for this study. They were randomly assigned into two groups: the HT7 (Shenmen) group and the LI5 (Yangxi) group. Acupuncture stimulation was performed using a block paradigm during fMRI scanning. Additionally, the Korean version of Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale (AASES) was used to determine the effect of acupuncture stimulation on self-efficacy to abstain from alcohol use. According to the result of fMRI group analysis, the activation induced by HT7 stimulation was found on the bilateral postcentral gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, inferior frontal gyrus, claustrum, insula, and anterior lobe of the cerebellum, as well as on the left posterior lobe of the cerebellum (p<0.001, uncorrected). According to the AASES analysis, the interaction effect for gender and treatment was marginally significant (F(1,30)=4.152, p=0.050). For female group, the simple main effect of treatment was significant (F(1,11)=8.040, p=0.016), indicating that the mean change score was higher in the HT7 stimulation than in the LI5 stimulation. Therefore, our study has provided evidence to support that HT7 stimulation has a positive therapeutic effect on the alcohol-related diseases

A Two-Stage Model of Conditional Reasoning

Conditional reasoning, or reasoning from propositions expressed in the form if P then q, is particularly interesting to investigate because several previous studies have shown people to perform very poorly at this task. The well-known Wason card selection paradigm dramatically reveals the gap between normatively applied (formal) logical rules as opposed to human performance in such reasoning task. Wason(l966) presented his subjects with four cards showing symbols as given in the picture. They were informed that each card had a letter on one side and a number on the other. Then, they were given a rule such as: If a card has a vowel on one side, then it hαg aη even number on the other side.

A Structure of basic emotions: A review of basic emotion theories using an emotionally fine-tuned language model

There is growing interest in emotions in textual data. Based on psychological theories, research has been conducted on assigning emotions as labels to text datasets or developing models to detect emotions present in text. However, little research has been done on the appropriateness of using these theories. In this study, we reviewed three commonly used basic emotion theories: Ekman’s Basic Emotions, Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions, and GoEmotions. By leveraging a research finding that evaluated the emotional values of words, we were able to fine-tune a language model emotionally. Using it, we analyzed the emotional relationship between the names of basic emotions and evaluated the adequacy of the emotional structure each theory presents. Clear patterns of similarity emerged based on the emotional meaning of the words. Ekman’s and GoEmotions were almost in line with our results, while Plutchik’s had some differences. We discussed these matches and mismatches

Structure of Basic Emotions: A Review of Basic Emotion Theories Using an Emotionally Fine-Tuned Language Model.

There is growing interest in emotions in textual data. Based on psychological theories, research has been conducted on assigning emotions as labels to text datasets or developing models to detect emotions present in text. However, little research has been done on the appropriateness of using these theories. In this study, we reviewed three commonly used basic emotion theories: EkmanÕs Basic Emotions, PlutchikÕs Wheel of Emotions, and GoEmotions. By leveraging a research finding that evaluated the emotional values of words, we were able to finetune a language model emotionally. Using it, we analyzed the emotional relationship between the names of basic emotions and evaluated the adequacy of the emotional structure each theory presents. Clear patterns of similarity emerged based on the emotional meaning of the words. EkmanÕs and GoEmotions were almost in line with our results, while PlutchikÕs had some differences. We discussed these matches and mismatches

User Guide for KOTE: Korean Online Comments Emotions Dataset

Sentiment analysis that classifies data into positive or negative has been dominantly used to recognize emotional aspects of texts, despite the deficit of thorough examination of emotional meanings. Recently, corpora labeled with more than just valence are built to exceed this limit. However, most Korean emotion corpora are small in the number of instances and cover a limited range of emotions. We introduce KOTE dataset. KOTE contains 50k (250k cases) Korean online comments, each of which is manually labeled for 43 emotion labels or one special label (NO EMOTION) by crowdsourcing (Ps = 3,048). The emotion taxonomy of the 43 emotions is systematically established by cluster analysis of Korean emotion concepts expressed on word embedding space. After explaining how KOTE is developed, we also discuss the results of finetuning and analysis for social discrimination in the corpus.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

Emotion Evaluator: Expanding the Affective Lexicon with Neural Network Model

Measuring the emotion in words is valuable in that it analyzes emotions through language. However, it is difficult to find such measurements in low-resource languages. In this paper, we proposed a method to expand the affective lexicon by utilizing the context of words. The proposed model predicted the Valence and Arousal values of words using their dictionary definitions. In Study 1, we reviewed previous studies about the Korean affective lexicon and integrated data from these studies. The model was trained to minimize the MSE error between the Valence and Arousal values of the words and their predictions. We then checked the distribution of Valence and Arousal values of Korean vocabulary by applying our model to the Korean dictionary. In Study 2, a new affective lexicon was built to empirically validate our model. We found a negatively biased error pattern on model predictions and discussed why it happened

Acupuncture for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

Empirical research has produced mixed results regarding the effects of acupuncture on the treatment of alcohol use disorder in humans. Few studies have provided a comprehensive review or a systematic overview of the magnitude of the treatment effect of acupuncture on alcoholism. This study investigated the effects of acupuncture on alcohol-related symptoms and behaviors in patients with this disorder. The PubMed database was searched until 23 August 2016, and reference lists from review studies were also reviewed. Seventeen studies were identified for a full-text inspection, and seven (243 patients) of these met our inclusion criteria. The outcomes assessed at the last posttreatment point and any available follow-up data were extracted from each of the studies. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that an acupuncture intervention had a stronger effect on reducing alcohol-related symptoms and behaviors than did the control intervention (g=0.67). A beneficial but weak effect of acupuncture treatment was also found in the follow-up data (g=0.29). Although our analysis showed a significant difference between acupuncture and the control intervention in patients with alcohol use disorder, this meta-analysis is limited by the small number of studies included. Thus, a larger cohort study is required to provide a firm conclusion