10 research outputs found
How to collect high quality segmentations: use human or computer drawn object boundaries?
High quality segmentations must be captured consistently for applications such as biomedical image analysis. While human drawn segmentations are often collected because they provide a consistent level of quality, computer drawn segmentations can be collected efficiently and inexpensively. In this paper, we examine how to leverage available human and computer resources to consistently create high quality segmentations. We propose a quality control methodology. We demonstrate how to apply this approach using crowdsourced and domain expert votes for
the "best" segmentation from a collection of human and computer drawn segmentations for 70 objects from a public dataset and 274 objects from biomedical images. We publicly share the library of biomedical images which includes 1,879 manual annotations of the boundaries of 274 objects. We found for the 344 objects that no single segmentation source was preferred and that human annotations are not always preferred over computer annotations.
These results motivated us to examine the traditional approach to evaluate segmentation algorithms, which involves comparing the segmentations produced by the algorithms to manual annotations on benchmark datasets. We found that algorithm benchmarking results change when the comparison is made to consensus-voted segmentations. Our results
led us to suggest a new segmentation approach that uses machine learning to predict the optimal segmentation source and a modified segmentation evaluation approach.National Science Foundation (IIS-0910908
Complementary Skyrmion Racetrack Memory with Voltage Manipulation
Magnetic skyrmion holds promise as information carriers in the
next-generation memory and logic devices, owing to the topological stability,
small size and extremely low current needed to drive it. One of the most
potential applications of skyrmion is to design racetrack memory (RM), named
Sk-RM, instead of utilizing domain wall (DW). However, current studies face
some key design challenges, e.g., skyrmion manipulation, data representation
and synchronization etc. To address these challenges, we propose here a
complementary Sk-RM structure with voltage manipulation. Functionality and
performance of the proposed design are investigated with micromagnetic
simulations.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure
Voltage Controlled Magnetic Skyrmion Motion for Racetrack Memory
Magnetic skyrmion, vortex-like swirling topologically stable spin
configurations, is appealing as information carrier for future nanoelectronics,
owing to the stability, small size and extremely low driving current density.
One of the most promising applications of skyrmion is to build racetrack memory
(RM). Compared to domain wall-based RM (DW-RM), skyrmion-based RM (Sky-RM)
possesses quite a few benefits in terms of energy, density and speed etc. Until
now, the fundamental behaviors, including nucleation/annihilation, motion and
detection of skyrmion have been intensively investigated. However, one
indispensable function, i.e., pinning/depinning of skyrmion still remains an
open question and has to be addressed before applying skyrmion for RM.
Furthermore, Current research mainly focuses on physical investigations,
whereas the electrical design and evaluation are still lacking. In this work,
we aim to promote the development of Sky-RM from fundamental physics to
realistic electronics. First, we investigate the pinning/depinning
characteristics of skyrmion in a nanotrack with the voltage-controlled magnetic
anisotropy (VCMA) effect. Then, we propose a compact model and design framework
of Sky-RM for electrical evaluation. This work completes the elementary memory
functionality of Sky-RM and fills the technical gap between the physicists and
electronic engineers, making a significant step forward for the development of
Sky-RM.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure
A microwave field-driven transistor-like skyrmionic device with the microwave current-assisted skyrmion creation
Rational Design of a Hydrophilic Core–Hydrophobic Shell Yarn-Based Solar Evaporator with an Underwater Aerophilic Surface for Self-Floating and High-Performance Dynamic Water Purification
Interfacial solar vapor generation holds great promise
for alleviating
the global freshwater crisis, but its real-world application is limited
by the efficiently choppy water evaporation and industrial production
capability. Herein, a self-floating solar evaporator with an underwater
aerophilic surface is innovatively fabricated by weaving core–shell
yarns via mature weaving techniques. The core–shell yarns possess
capillary water channels in the hydrophilic cotton core and can trap
air in the hydrophobic electrospinning nanofiber shell when submerged
underwater, simultaneously realizing controllable water supplies,
stable self-flotation, and great thermal insulation. Consequently,
the self-floating solar evaporator achieves an evaporation rate of
2.26 kg m–2 h–1 under 1 sun irradiation,
with a reduced heat conduction of 70.18 W m–2. Additionally,
for the first time, a solar evaporator can operate continuously in
water with varying waveforms and intensities over 24 h, exhibiting
an outdoor cumulative evaporation rate of 14.17 kg m–2 day–1
Rational Design of a Hydrophilic Core–Hydrophobic Shell Yarn-Based Solar Evaporator with an Underwater Aerophilic Surface for Self-Floating and High-Performance Dynamic Water Purification
Interfacial solar vapor generation holds great promise
for alleviating
the global freshwater crisis, but its real-world application is limited
by the efficiently choppy water evaporation and industrial production
capability. Herein, a self-floating solar evaporator with an underwater
aerophilic surface is innovatively fabricated by weaving core–shell
yarns via mature weaving techniques. The core–shell yarns possess
capillary water channels in the hydrophilic cotton core and can trap
air in the hydrophobic electrospinning nanofiber shell when submerged
underwater, simultaneously realizing controllable water supplies,
stable self-flotation, and great thermal insulation. Consequently,
the self-floating solar evaporator achieves an evaporation rate of
2.26 kg m–2 h–1 under 1 sun irradiation,
with a reduced heat conduction of 70.18 W m–2. Additionally,
for the first time, a solar evaporator can operate continuously in
water with varying waveforms and intensities over 24 h, exhibiting
an outdoor cumulative evaporation rate of 14.17 kg m–2 day–1
Rational Design of a Hydrophilic Core–Hydrophobic Shell Yarn-Based Solar Evaporator with an Underwater Aerophilic Surface for Self-Floating and High-Performance Dynamic Water Purification
Interfacial solar vapor generation holds great promise
for alleviating
the global freshwater crisis, but its real-world application is limited
by the efficiently choppy water evaporation and industrial production
capability. Herein, a self-floating solar evaporator with an underwater
aerophilic surface is innovatively fabricated by weaving core–shell
yarns via mature weaving techniques. The core–shell yarns possess
capillary water channels in the hydrophilic cotton core and can trap
air in the hydrophobic electrospinning nanofiber shell when submerged
underwater, simultaneously realizing controllable water supplies,
stable self-flotation, and great thermal insulation. Consequently,
the self-floating solar evaporator achieves an evaporation rate of
2.26 kg m–2 h–1 under 1 sun irradiation,
with a reduced heat conduction of 70.18 W m–2. Additionally,
for the first time, a solar evaporator can operate continuously in
water with varying waveforms and intensities over 24 h, exhibiting
an outdoor cumulative evaporation rate of 14.17 kg m–2 day–1
Rational Design of a Hydrophilic Core–Hydrophobic Shell Yarn-Based Solar Evaporator with an Underwater Aerophilic Surface for Self-Floating and High-Performance Dynamic Water Purification
Interfacial solar vapor generation holds great promise
for alleviating
the global freshwater crisis, but its real-world application is limited
by the efficiently choppy water evaporation and industrial production
capability. Herein, a self-floating solar evaporator with an underwater
aerophilic surface is innovatively fabricated by weaving core–shell
yarns via mature weaving techniques. The core–shell yarns possess
capillary water channels in the hydrophilic cotton core and can trap
air in the hydrophobic electrospinning nanofiber shell when submerged
underwater, simultaneously realizing controllable water supplies,
stable self-flotation, and great thermal insulation. Consequently,
the self-floating solar evaporator achieves an evaporation rate of
2.26 kg m–2 h–1 under 1 sun irradiation,
with a reduced heat conduction of 70.18 W m–2. Additionally,
for the first time, a solar evaporator can operate continuously in
water with varying waveforms and intensities over 24 h, exhibiting
an outdoor cumulative evaporation rate of 14.17 kg m–2 day–1