Large-area, freestanding single-crystal gold of single nanometer thickness

Two-dimensional single-crystal metals are highly sought after for next-generation technologies. Here, we report large-area (>10^4 {\mu}m2), single-crystal two-dimensional gold with thicknesses down to a single-nanometer level, employing an atomic-level-precision chemical etching approach. The ultrathin thickness and single-crystal quality endow two-dimensional gold with unique properties including significantly quantum-confinement-augmented optical nonlinearity, low sheet resistance, high transparency and excellent mechanical flexibility. By patterning the two-dimensional gold into nanoribbon arrays, extremely-confined near-infrared plasmonic resonances are further demonstrated with quality factors up to 5. The freestanding nature of two-dimensional gold allows its straightforward manipulation and transfer-printing for integration with other structures. The developed two-dimensional gold provides an emerging platform for fundamental studies in various disciplines and opens up new opportunities for applications in high-performance ultrathin optoelectronic, photonic and quantum devices

MOESM6 of siRNAs regulate DNA methylation and interfere with gene and lncRNA expression in the heterozygous polyploid switchgrass

Additional file 6: Figure S3. Correlation between genome sizes and methylation levels for different species as Arabidopsis, B. rapa, G. max, M. truncatula, P. trichocarpa, Z. mays, O. sativa, B. distachyum, and P. virgatum (leaf tissue) used in Figure 1e

MOESM15 of siRNAs regulate DNA methylation and interfere with gene and lncRNA expression in the heterozygous polyploid switchgrass

Additional file 15: Table S6. The number of mRNA and lncRNA in the four expression levels

MOESM25 of siRNAs regulate DNA methylation and interfere with gene and lncRNA expression in the heterozygous polyploid switchgrass

Additional file 25: Table S14. The correlation analysis between methylation levels and lncRNA expression

MOESM13 of siRNAs regulate DNA methylation and interfere with gene and lncRNA expression in the heterozygous polyploid switchgrass

Additional file 13: Figure S5. Molecular function for genes covered by the CHH DMRs in the GO annotation in gene upstream (a), body (b), and downstream (c). The colored boxes mean the adjust p < 0.05, and the more deeper color, the less adjust p values for the boxes

MOESM18 of siRNAs regulate DNA methylation and interfere with gene and lncRNA expression in the heterozygous polyploid switchgrass

Additional file 18: Table S8. Length distribution of siRNAs (from 20 to 25 nucleotides) in switchgrass for two biological repeats including Alamo_1 (a) and Alamo_2 (b)

MOESM27 of siRNAs regulate DNA methylation and interfere with gene and lncRNA expression in the heterozygous polyploid switchgrass

Additional file 27: Figure S8. siRNA levels (per bp per million reads) in TEs relative to the distance from the nearest gene

MOESM22 of siRNAs regulate DNA methylation and interfere with gene and lncRNA expression in the heterozygous polyploid switchgrass

Additional file 22: Figure S7. Proportion of six different types of lncRNA in switchgrass

MOESM24 of siRNAs regulate DNA methylation and interfere with gene and lncRNA expression in the heterozygous polyploid switchgrass

Additional file 24: Table S13. Annotation of targets of miR169 and miR171

MOESM5 of siRNAs regulate DNA methylation and interfere with gene and lncRNA expression in the heterozygous polyploid switchgrass

Additional file 5: Table S2. The levels of mCG, mCHG, and mCHH and genome size in genomes of different species