Fiber optic sensor based on dual ring resonator system

A comprehensive study of fiber optic sensors based on a dual ring resonator system has been conducted. A new theoretical model is established for a single fiber optic ring resonator. The performance of fiber optic sensors based on the dual ring resonator system is then analyzed, based on this model. The best configuration for the dual ring resonator system is determined in terms of the shot-noise-limited minimum detectable phase change, as well as the environmental stability when polarization crosstalk is present. The relationship between the coherence length of semiconductor light sources and the resonator loop lengths is investigated, with the aim of eliminating phase noise effects. Moreover, the effect of length mismatch between the two resonator loops is discussed. Finally, the fundamental output characteristics of fiber optic sensors based on dual ring resonator system are verified experimentally. Some recommendations are also given for further possible improvement

Bigeye tuna fishing ground in relation to thermocline in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean using Argo data

444-451The relationship beween thermocline and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) fishing grounds in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean was evaluated by Argo data and monthly CPUE (catch per unit effort). The generalized additive model indicated evidence of nonlinear relationships between CPUE and six thermocline characteristics. The results suggested that the fishing grounds distributed where the upper boundary temperature was about 26 ºC and the upper boundary depth values between 70 and 100 m. The fishing grounds located between the two high value shapes of the lower boundary depth of thermocline, if the depth was >300 or <150 m, the CPUE tended to be low. The lower boundary temperature of the thermocline in the fishing grounds was lower than 13 ºC. Conversely, if the temperature was higher than 17 ºC, the hooking rates were very low. The strongest relationship between CPUE with thermocline thickness and thermocline strength was approximately at 60 m and 0.1 ºC/m. The optimum ranges for the upper boundary thermocline temperature and depth and the lower boundary thermocline temperature and depth, thermocline thickness and thermocline strength were between 26-29 ºC, 70-110 m, 11-13 ºC, 200-280 m, and 0.01-0.15 ºC/m, 60-80 m, respectively

Impact of apolipoprotein A1 on tumor immune microenvironment, clinical prognosis and genomic landscape in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Current knowledge on apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is fragmented and even contradictory. Multi-dimensional analyses are required to comprehensively elucidate its value and underlying mechanism. Methods: We collected 49 RNA-seq datasets, 40 cell line types data and 70 scRNA pan-cancer datasets public available, including 17 HCC datasets (1754 tumor samples), and enrolled 73 pairs of HCC tissue and 516 blood samples independently from our clinics. APOA1 impacting on the HCC tumor microenvironment (TME) was analyzed using intensive data mining. Methylation sequencing, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry and clinical chemistry assays were conducted for wet experimental investigation. Results: The APOA1 ontology fingerprint indicated that it played various crucial biological roles in HCC, primarily involved in cholesterol efflux. Consistent findings at histology, serology, and clinical follow-up revealed that high APOA1 was a good prognosis indicator of HCC. Hypermethylation in the APOA1 promoter region was found in clinical samples which is in accordance with the reduction of APOA1 in HCC. The cell cycle, DNA replication, mismatch repair pathways, and tumor cell proliferation were less observed in the HCC APOA1high subgroup. The favorable immunoregulatory abilities of APOA1 showed interesting findings: A positive correlation between APOA1 and anti-Tumor immune cells (NK, CD8+ T cells) and a negative association with immune cells exerting immunosuppressive effects, including M2 macrophages. Conclusion: This is an integrative multidimensional exploration of APOA1 using bioinformatics and experiments. Both the prognostic value and anti-Tumor effects based on APOA1 panoramic exploration in the HCC TME demonstrate a new potential clinical target for HCC assessment and intervention in the future.</p

Impact of apolipoprotein A1 on tumor immune microenvironment, clinical prognosis and genomic landscape in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Current knowledge on apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is fragmented and even contradictory. Multi-dimensional analyses are required to comprehensively elucidate its value and underlying mechanism. Methods: We collected 49 RNA-seq datasets, 40 cell line types data and 70 scRNA pan-cancer datasets public available, including 17 HCC datasets (1754 tumor samples), and enrolled 73 pairs of HCC tissue and 516 blood samples independently from our clinics. APOA1 impacting on the HCC tumor microenvironment (TME) was analyzed using intensive data mining. Methylation sequencing, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry and clinical chemistry assays were conducted for wet experimental investigation. Results: The APOA1 ontology fingerprint indicated that it played various crucial biological roles in HCC, primarily involved in cholesterol efflux. Consistent findings at histology, serology, and clinical follow-up revealed that high APOA1 was a good prognosis indicator of HCC. Hypermethylation in the APOA1 promoter region was found in clinical samples which is in accordance with the reduction of APOA1 in HCC. The cell cycle, DNA replication, mismatch repair pathways, and tumor cell proliferation were less observed in the HCC APOA1high subgroup. The favorable immunoregulatory abilities of APOA1 showed interesting findings: A positive correlation between APOA1 and anti-Tumor immune cells (NK, CD8+ T cells) and a negative association with immune cells exerting immunosuppressive effects, including M2 macrophages. Conclusion: This is an integrative multidimensional exploration of APOA1 using bioinformatics and experiments. Both the prognostic value and anti-Tumor effects based on APOA1 panoramic exploration in the HCC TME demonstrate a new potential clinical target for HCC assessment and intervention in the future.</p

Decoding hepatobiliary-specific immune gene patterns in gastrointestinal cancers via gene ontology fingerprints, multi-omics and experimental integration

Background Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are characterized by high malignancy and poor prognosis. Tumors in different locations exhibit both commonalities and differences. Although immunotherapy has made progress in some GI cancers, the specific immune-related patterns in hepatobiliary tumors have not yet been fully elucidated. Methods Using our developed explainable gene ontology fingerprint (XGOF) method, GI cancer GOF was established. By integrating omics data from 20 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 15 cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) tissues in our clinic with public databases, immune-related patterns specifically expressed in hepatobiliary tumors were identified via RNA, protein, methylation, tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis and experimental verification. Results XGOF showed that GI cancers are related to diverse immune functions, especially macrophage migration. Compared to others, hepatobiliary tumors exhibit distinct patterns of gene expression, mutation, and methylation. Seven genes (APOA1, LBP, FGA, C9, APCS, ARG1 and MBL2) were identified as immune-related genes specifically decreased in hepatobiliary cancer. The impact of APOA1 on TME, prognosis, and genomic landscape in HCC was explored in prior research. In this work, the experiment confirmed the down-regulation of six genes in cancerous tissues. Moreover, LBP promoter methylation was elevated in cholangiocarcinoma. Single-cell analysis revealed downregulated immune genes in hepatocytes of HCC and cholangiocytes of ICC, enriched in humoral immunity and complement pathways. Additionally, the MIF pathway was identified as a key signal in interactions between ICC tumor cells and microenvironmental cells. Conclusion This study identified immune-related gene patterns in hepatobiliary cancer, contributing to the discovery of novel immunotherapy targets and tumor biomarkers for future research.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant Nos. 32370694, 81972914), Shanghai Public Health Research Project (grant No. 2024GKM25) and the Innovation Group Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (grant No. 2019CXJQ03).gold o

Fiber ring resonator with power exchange between polarization modes: spectroscopic and sensing applications

Fiber ring resonators made from polarization preserving fiber suffer from well-known polarization mode splitting problems, caused by small amounts of crosstalk at the coupler. The output of such a resonator is generally unsuitable for spectrum analysis or sensing. A solution to this problem has been recently described in the form of a ring resonator in which there is deliberate power exchange between the two birefringent axes. Polarization modal splitting is eliminated, and a significant signal improvement is further possible by separating the output power along the two axes. The resulting device presents simultaneous resonant peaks and resonant dips, and is simple and relatively inexpensive to construct. There are, however, some signal instabilities that are inherent in this type of resonator. These instabilities are quantified, and means of overcoming them are discussed. The resulting stabilized output is useful in very high resolution spectroscopy, since a long loop can be constructed without mechanical alignment problems. The use of the device as a spectrum analyzer is demonstrated.</jats:p