The correspondence between shadows and test fields in four-dimensional charged Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black holes

In this paper, we investigate the photon sphere, shadow radius and quasinormal modes of a four-dimensional charged Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black hole. The perturbation of a massless scalar field in the background of the black hole is adopted. The quasinormal modes are gotten by the $6th$ order WKB approximation approach and shadow radius, respectively. The degree of coincidence of the quasinormal modes derived by the two approaches increases with the increase of the values of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant and multiple number. It shows the correspondence between the shadow and test field in the four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-Maxwell gravity. The radii of the photon sphere and shadow increase with the decrease of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant.Comment: 16 page

Cerebellar ependymal cyst: a case report

RationaleIntracranial ependymal cysts are relatively rare. The current case report focuses on a patient who was diagnosed with an ependymal cyst and underwent surgical treatment. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed the presence of this lesion in the cerebellum.Chief complaintA 32-year-old female patient presented with a chief complaint of dizziness and headache with no triggers for the past 1 year. She also reported an increase in the frequency and intensity of symptoms in the past 2 weeks.DiagnosisCranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a rounded long T1 and T2 abnormal signal foci in the left posterior part of the brainstem under the cerebellar pallidum. The lesion had a clear boundary, was approximately 4.0 × 3.1 × 3.2 cm in size, and did not exhibit any definitive enhancement.InterventionsTotal resection of the lesion was carried out after completion of the preoperative examination.Treatment outcomes. The patient was discharged from the hospital on postoperative day 11 once their symptoms had disappeared. The sensory and motor functions of the limbs remained unaffected by treatment.ExperiencesCerebellum ependymal cysts are rare, and most patients only experience discomfort due to cerebral edema. These lesions are also often difficult to differentiate from other intracranial cysts using imaging alone. The aim of this study was to report a rare case of ependymal cyst so that it may serve as a reference for diagnosis and treatment in the future

Design and implementation of quantitative remote sensing monitoring and intelligent analysis system for mine ecological environment

Mine ecological environment monitoring and governance is a critical requirement for national ecological civilization construction and the dual carbon goal. The informatization and intelligent construction of the mine ecological environment have become an important part of Digital China driven by the new generation of information technology, and it is also an inevitable trend in the development of the current era. However, existing mine ecological environment monitoring systems are still in the primary stage with a single theme, incomplete elements, basic measurement, and local management, and they cannot meet the demand for multi-element, long-term, high-frequency monitoring and analysis of the mine ecological environment. To address this problem, the quantitative remote sensing monitoring and intelligent analysis system for the mine ecological environment under B/S architecture is proposed, called Mine Ecology Remote Eyes. The development requirements, technical framework, key technologies, and core functions of the system are further described in detail. The system utilizes satellite remote sensing technology and other monitoring methods to obtain and aggregate mine ecological big data from different sources, forming a map of mine distribution and data resource services. Using quantitative remote sensing to invert ecological parameters of mine environments, a set of long-term and multi-element monitoring products can be generated. These products cover various ecological elements such as human activities, natural geographical conditions, and “vegetation-soil-water-atmosphere” parameters. The system provides a range of tools for GIS spatial and temporal analysis, statistical analysis, and comprehensive quantitative evaluation. With these tools, users can monitor spatial changes in ecological parameters such as land use and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in mining areas along with mining activities, as well as query and visualize historical statistical values of ecological elements such as soil water content and suspended solids concentration in water under different spatiotemporal locations or regions. Additionally, the system enables comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the quality of the mine ecological environment taking into account multiple ecological elements. Finally, the system generates a monitoring report on ecological disturbance and governance of the mine. The application of Mine Ecology Remote Eyes will facilitate the change monitoring, data management, intelligent analysis, and decision-making applications of the mine ecological environment. This system has the potential to improve the efficiency and intelligence level of monitoring and governance of the mine ecological environment, and provides a reference for promoting the informatization of ecological civilization

Atomistic Control in Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of Intrinsic Magnetic Topological Insulator MnBi2Te4

Intrinsic magnetic topological insulators have emerged as a promising platform to study the interplay between topological surface states and ferromagnetism. This unique interplay can give rise to a variety of exotic quantum phenomena, including the quantum anomalous Hall effect and axion insulating states. Here, utilizing molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), we present a comprehensive study of the growth of high-quality MnBi2Te4 thin films on Si (111), epitaxial graphene, and highly ordered pyrolytic graphite substrates. By combining a suite of in-situ characterization techniques, we obtain critical insights into the atomic-level control of MnBi2Te4 epitaxial growth. First, we extract the free energy landscape for the epitaxial relationship as a function of the in-plane angular distribution. Then, by employing an optimized layer-by-layer growth, we determine the chemical potential and Dirac point of the thin film at different thicknesses. Overall, these results establish a foundation for understanding the growth dynamics of MnBi2Te4 and pave the way for the future applications of MBE in emerging topological quantum materials.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure

Emergent Spin Phenomena in Air-Stable, Atomically Thin Lead

A stable platform to synthesize ultrathin heavy metals, with a strong interfacial Rashba effect, could lead to high efficiency charge-to-spin conversion for next-generation spintronics. Here we report wafer-scale synthesis of air-stable, epitaxially registered monolayer Pb on SiC (0001) via confinement heteroepitaxy (CHet). The highly asymmetric interfacial bonding in this heavy metal system lends to strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling near the Fermi level. Additionally, the system's air stability enables ex-situ spin torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) measurements that demonstrate charge-to-spin conversion in CHet-based 2D-Pb/ferromagnet heterostructures and a 1.5x increase in the effective field ratio compared to control samples.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures. Supporting Information included (20 pages, 9 figures, 1 table

Effects of mulberry twig alkaloids(Sangzhi alkaloids) and metformin on blood glucose fluctuations in combination with premixed insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes

IntroductionWe aimed to evaluated the effect of premixed insulin (Ins), premixed insulin combined with metformin (Ins+Met) or mulberry twig alkaloids(Ins+SZ-A) on blood glucose fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using continuous glucose monitors (CGM).MethodsThirty patients with T2DM and poor blood glucose control using drugs were evaluated for eligibility during the screening period. Subsequently, their original hypoglycemic drugs were discontinued during the lead-in period, and after receiving Ins intensive treatment for 2 weeks, they were randomly assigned to receive either Ins, Ins+Met, or Ins+SZ-A treatment for the following 12 weeks. The main efficacy endpoint comprised changes in their CGM indicators changes (mean blood glucose level [MBG], standard deviation of blood glucose [SDBG], mean amplitude of glycemic excursions [MAGE], postprandial glucose excursions [PPGE], the largest amplitude of glycemic excursions [LAGE], mean of daily difference [MODD], time in range between 3.9–10.0 mmol/L [TIR] and area under the curve for each meal [AUCpp]) during the screening, lead-in, and after 12-week treatment period. Changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 1-h postprandial blood glucose (1h-PBG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (2h-PBG), fasting blood lipids and postprandial blood lipids were also measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatmentResultsThe CGM indicators of the three groups during the lead-in period all showed significant improvements compared to the screening period (P<0.05). Compared with those in the lead-in period, all of the CGM indicators improved in the the Ins+Met and Ins+SZ-A groups after 12 weeks of treatment (P<0.05), except for MODD. After 12-week treatment, compared with the Ins group, Ins+Met and Ins+SZ-A groups showed improved MBG, SDBG, TIR, breakfast AUCpp,lunch AUCpp, HbA1c, FBG, 1h-PBG, fasting blood lipid and postprandial blood lipid indicators (P<0.05). Further, the LAGE, PPGE, MAGE, dinner AUCpp and 2h-PBG levels of the Ins+SZ-A group were significantly lower than those of the Ins+Met and Ins groups (P<0.05).ConclusionOur findings highlight the efficacy of combination therapy (Ins+SZ-A or Ins+Met) in improving blood glucose fluctuations, as well as blood glucose and lipid levels. Ins+SZ-A reduces postprandial blood glucose fluctuations more than Ins+Met and Ins groups.Trial registration numberISRCTN20835488

Confined monolayer Ag as a large gap 2D semiconductor and its momentum resolved excited states

2D materials have intriguing quantum phenomena that are distinctively different from their bulk counterparts. Recently, epitaxially synthesized wafer-scale 2D metals, composed of elemental atoms, are attracting attention not only for their potential applications but also for exotic quantum effects such as superconductivity. By mapping momentum-resolved electronic states using time-resolved and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we reveal that monolayer Ag confined between bilayer graphene and SiC is a large gap (> 1 eV) 2D semiconductor, consistent with GW-corrected density functional theory. The measured valence band dispersion matches the DFT-GW quasiparticle band. However, the conduction band dispersion shows an anomalously large effective mass of 2.4 m0. Possible mechanisms for this large enhancement in the “apparent mass” are discussed.This work was primarily supported by the National Science Foundation through the Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials: an NSF MRSEC under Cooperative Agreement No. DMR- 1720595. Other supports include NSF Grant Nos. DMR-1808751, and the Welch Foundation F- 1672. Support for synthesis comes from The Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science (NSF Grant DMR-2011839) and the Penn State 2DCC-MIP (NSF DMR-1539916).Center for Dynamics and Control of Material

Mudskipper genomes provide insights into the terrestrial adaptation of amphibious fishes

Mudskippers are amphibious fishes that have developed morphological and physiological adaptations to match their unique lifestyles. Here we perform whole-genome sequencing of four representative mudskippers to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations. We discover an expansion of innate immune system genes in the mudskippers that may provide defence against terrestrial pathogens. Several genes of the ammonia excretion pathway in the gills have experienced positive selection, suggesting their important roles in mudskippers’ tolerance to environmental ammonia. Some vision-related genes are differentially lost or mutated, illustrating genomic changes associated with aerial vision. Transcriptomic analyses of mudskippers exposed to air highlight regulatory pathways that are up- or down-regulated in response to hypoxia. The present study provides a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying water-to-land transition of vertebrates

Association between actual weight status, perceived weight and depressive, anxious symptoms in Chinese adolescents: a cross-sectional study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Backgroud</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to describe actual measured weight and perceived weight and to explore associations with depressive, anxiety symptoms in school adolescents in China.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A sample of 1144 Chinese adolescents was randomly selected from four schools in Wuhan, China, including 665 boys and 479 girls with ages ranging between 10 and 17 years. Actual measured weight and height and perceived weight status were compared to anxiety and depressive symptoms measured using the revised Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Children's Depression Inventory. A general linear model was used to compare differences in psychological symptoms among the teenagers with different measured and perceived weights.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>When compared with standardized weight tables (WHO age- and gender-specific body mass index (BMI) cutoffs (2007 reference)), girls were more likely to misperceive themselves as overweight, whereas more boys misclassified their weight status as underweight. The adolescents who perceived themselves as overweight were more likely to experience depressive and anxiety symptoms (except girls) than those who perceived themselves as normal and/or underweight. However, no significant association was found between depressive and anxiety symptoms actual measured weight status.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Perceived weight status, but not the actual weight status, was associated with psychological symptoms.</p