Differential Diagnosis Value of Shear-Wave Elastography for Superficial Enlarged Lymph Nodes

ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic efficiency and diagnostic threshold of conventional US and shear-wave elastography (SWE) in superficial enlarged lymph nodes (LNs).MethodsA total of 204 patients with superficial enlarged LNs were enrolled in this retrospective study aged 46.0 ± 15.2 years from March 2020 to March 2021. LNs with a long axis larger than 0.7 cm were considered as superficial enlarged. Before the histological biopsy, LNs that were considered suspicious according to both conventional US and SWE were included, while LNs with no or unclear pathological results, or with no satisfactory SWE images, were excluded. The conventional and 2-D SWE examinations were performed with Aplio i800 and Acuson sequoia equipped with i18LX5 linear-array transducer (5-18 MHz) and 10L4 linear-array transducer (4-10 MHz), respectively. Both E Median and Vs Median parameters were investigated by two senior ultrasound physicians. The pathological results were performed as the gold standard.ResultsVariables including transverse axis size, lymphatic hilum, L/T ratio, echogenicity, and color Doppler pattern were considered significant. The mean E Median value in benign, metastatic LNs, and lymphoma were 28.26 ± 8.87 kPa, 77.46 ± 22.85 kPa, and 50.37 ± 5.41 kPa (p &amp;lt;0.001), while Vs Median values were 3.02 ± 0.50 m/s, 4.87 ± 0.90 m/s, and 4.09 ± 0.22 m/s, respectively (p &amp;lt; 0.001). The diagnostic performance indicated the high sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and overall accuracy of conventional US combined with SWE. The optimal cutoff values of E Median and Vs Median for predicting malignant LNs were 42.90 kPa and 3.73 m/s, respectively. As AUC value, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV revealed, the indexes of E Median were 0.976, 0.927, 0.975, 0.946, 0.983, and 0.897, respectively, while Vs Median were 0.970, 0.927, 0.963, 0.941, 0.975, and 0.895, respectively (p &amp;lt;0.001). The ROC curves of both E Median (AUC=0.976) Vs Median (AUC=0.970) suggested the remarkable diagnostic efficiency in distinguishing benignity between suspected malignant LNs.ConclusionsAbove results indicated that conventional US together with 2-D SWE could elevate the diagnostic performance. Meanwhile, the parameters of 2-D SWE including E Median and Vs Median could effectively assess malignant LNs, which provide valuable differentiating information in superficial enlarged LNs.</jats:sec

DataSheet1_PAIP2 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of breast cancer and is associated with immune infiltration.PDF

Breast cancer is the second highest incidence of cancer in the world. It is of great significance to find biomarkers to diagnose breast cancer and predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients. PAIP2 is a poly (A) -binding protein interacting protein that regulates the expression of VEGF. However, the possible role of PAIP2 in the progression of breast cancer is still unknown. RT-qRCR and Western blotting were used to verify the expression of PAIP2 in breast cancer cells and normal breast cells. The data of breast cancer samples were obtained in the TCGA database and the HPA database to analyze the expression of PAIP2 in breast cancer samples. Transwell experiment and CCK8 experiment confirmed the changes in the invasion and proliferation ability of PAIP2 after siRNA was down-regulated. Using bioinformatics technology to explore the prognostic value of PAIP2 and its possible biological function, and its effect on tumor immunity and immunotherapy. Studies have shown that PAIP2 has higher expression in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cells. PAIP2 can promote the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells and has significantly high expression in higher tumor stages. The high expression of PAIP2 is associated with better OS in breast cancer patients and is negatively correlated with most chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity and IPS in cancer immunotherapy. Our study explored the potential value of PAIP2 as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis and may predict the efficacy of immunotherapy, providing reference for the follow-up study on the role of PAIP2 in breast cancer.</p

DataSheet2_PAIP2 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of breast cancer and is associated with immune infiltration.PDF

Breast cancer is the second highest incidence of cancer in the world. It is of great significance to find biomarkers to diagnose breast cancer and predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients. PAIP2 is a poly (A) -binding protein interacting protein that regulates the expression of VEGF. However, the possible role of PAIP2 in the progression of breast cancer is still unknown. RT-qRCR and Western blotting were used to verify the expression of PAIP2 in breast cancer cells and normal breast cells. The data of breast cancer samples were obtained in the TCGA database and the HPA database to analyze the expression of PAIP2 in breast cancer samples. Transwell experiment and CCK8 experiment confirmed the changes in the invasion and proliferation ability of PAIP2 after siRNA was down-regulated. Using bioinformatics technology to explore the prognostic value of PAIP2 and its possible biological function, and its effect on tumor immunity and immunotherapy. Studies have shown that PAIP2 has higher expression in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cells. PAIP2 can promote the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells and has significantly high expression in higher tumor stages. The high expression of PAIP2 is associated with better OS in breast cancer patients and is negatively correlated with most chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity and IPS in cancer immunotherapy. Our study explored the potential value of PAIP2 as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis and may predict the efficacy of immunotherapy, providing reference for the follow-up study on the role of PAIP2 in breast cancer.</p

Image1_PAIP2 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of breast cancer and is associated with immune infiltration.JPEG

Breast cancer is the second highest incidence of cancer in the world. It is of great significance to find biomarkers to diagnose breast cancer and predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients. PAIP2 is a poly (A) -binding protein interacting protein that regulates the expression of VEGF. However, the possible role of PAIP2 in the progression of breast cancer is still unknown. RT-qRCR and Western blotting were used to verify the expression of PAIP2 in breast cancer cells and normal breast cells. The data of breast cancer samples were obtained in the TCGA database and the HPA database to analyze the expression of PAIP2 in breast cancer samples. Transwell experiment and CCK8 experiment confirmed the changes in the invasion and proliferation ability of PAIP2 after siRNA was down-regulated. Using bioinformatics technology to explore the prognostic value of PAIP2 and its possible biological function, and its effect on tumor immunity and immunotherapy. Studies have shown that PAIP2 has higher expression in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cells. PAIP2 can promote the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells and has significantly high expression in higher tumor stages. The high expression of PAIP2 is associated with better OS in breast cancer patients and is negatively correlated with most chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity and IPS in cancer immunotherapy. Our study explored the potential value of PAIP2 as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis and may predict the efficacy of immunotherapy, providing reference for the follow-up study on the role of PAIP2 in breast cancer.</p

LIFU-augmented Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Integrating Ultrasound Imaging and Synergistic Therapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer

The metastasis of breast cancer is believed to have a negative effect on its prognosis. Benefiting from the remarkable deep-penetrating and non-invasive characteristics, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) demonstrates a whole series of potential leading to cancer treatment. To relieve the limitation of monotherapy, a multifunctional nanoplatform has been explored to realize the synergistic treatment efficiency. Herein, we establish a novel multifunctional nano-system which encapsulates chlorin e6 (Ce6, for SDT), perfluoropentane (PFP, for ultrasound imaging), and docetaxel (DTX, for chemotherapy) in a well-designed PLGA core-shell structure. The synergistic nanoparticles (CPDP NPs) featured with excellent biocompatibility and stability which primarily enables its further application. Upon low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) irradiation, the enhanced ultrasound imaging could be revealed both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, combined with LIFU, the nanoparticle exhibits intriguing antitumor capability through Ce6 induced cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as DTX releasing to generate a concerted therapeutic efficiency. Furthermore, this treating strategy actives a strong anti-metastasis capability by which lung metastatic nodules have been significantly reduced. The results indicate that the SDT-oriented nanoplatform combined with chemotherapy could be provided as a promising approach in elevating effective synergistic therapy and suppressing lung metastasis of breast cancer.</jats:p

Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound Augmented Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Integrating Ultrasound Imaging and Synergistic Therapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Abstract The metastasis of breast cancer is believed to have a negative effect on its prognosis. Benefiting from the remarkable deep-penetrating and non-invasive characteristics, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) demonstrates a whole series of potential leading to cancer treatment. To relieve the limitation of monotherapy, a multifunctional nanoplatform has been explored to realize the synergistic treatment efficiency. Herein, we establish a novel multifunctional nano-system which encapsulates chlorin e6 (Ce6, for SDT), perfluoropentane (PFP, for ultrasound imaging), and docetaxel (DTX, for chemotherapy) in a well-designed PLGA core-shell structure. The synergistic nanoparticle (CPDP NPs) featured with excellent biocompatibility and stability primarily enables its further application. Upon low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) irradiation, the enhanced ultrasound imaging could be revealed both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, combined with LIFU, the nanoparticle exhibits intriguing antitumor capability through Ce6 induced cytotoxic reactive oxygen species as well as DTX releasing to generate a concerted therapeutic efficiency. Furthermore, this treating strategy actives a strong anti-metastasis capability by which lung metastatic nodules have been significantly reduced. The results indicate that the SDT-oriented nanoplatform combined with chemotherapy could be provided as a promising approach in elevating effective synergistic therapy and suppressing lung metastasis of breast cancer.</jats:p

Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound-Augmented Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Integrating Ultrasound Imaging and Synergistic Therapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer

AbstractThe metastasis of breast cancer is believed to have a negative effect on its prognosis. Benefiting from the remarkable deep-penetrating and noninvasive characteristics, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) demonstrates a whole series of potential leading to cancer treatment. To relieve the limitation of monotherapy, a multifunctional nanoplatform has been explored to realize the synergistic treatment efficiency. Herein, we establish a novel multifunctional nano-system which encapsulates chlorin e6 (Ce6, for SDT), perfluoropentane (PFP, for ultrasound imaging), and docetaxel (DTX, for chemotherapy) in a well-designed PLGA core–shell structure. The synergistic Ce6/PFP/DTX/PLGA nanoparticles (CPDP NPs) featured with excellent biocompatibility and stability primarily enable its further application. Upon low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) irradiation, the enhanced ultrasound imaging could be revealed both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, combined with LIFU, the nanoparticles exhibit intriguing antitumor capability through Ce6-induced cytotoxic reactive oxygen species as well as DTX releasing to generate a concerted therapeutic efficiency. Furthermore, this treating strategy actives a strong anti-metastasis capability by which lung metastatic nodules have been significantly reduced. The results indicate that the SDT-oriented nanoplatform combined with chemotherapy could be provided as a promising approach in elevating effective synergistic therapy and suppressing lung metastasis of breast cancer.</jats:p