Dendrobium Swarz.(ラン科)の類縁に関する研究 : I. Eugenanthe Schlechter節内での交配親和性

1.ノビルタイプのデンドロビウム品種に.新しい遺伝子を導入する可能性を調べるため, Eugenanthe節内の22種と、D. moniliforme(セッコク), D. nobileとの交配を行なった.2.交配稔性からみて, 本節内にはD. moniliforme, D. nobileとは遠縁と思われる種が含まれていた.3.D. moniliformeは, D. nobileに比べ, 多くの種と交雑可能で, 今後の育種のために有用な種と考えられた.In order to check the possibility of introducing new genes into the modern nobile-type cultivars of Dendrobium, D. nobile Lindl. and D. moniliforme (L.) Swarz. were crossed with selected species of section Eugenanthe Schlechter. D. moniliforme showed a wider range of crossability with Eugenanthe species compared to D. nobile. Eugenanthe species were divided into two groups according to their crossability with D. moniliforme

Identification of potent inhibitors targeting <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> GSTe2 via structure-based screening and molecular dynamics simulation

Red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, has a major negative impact during storage of agricultural products and reveals the negative impacts on human health. Insect-specific epsilon glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) which requires reduced glutathione (GSH) as an essential substrate not only develop insecticide resistance but also play important role in insect metamorphosis. Inhibition of the insect metamorphosis and the development of insecticide resistance could play an important role in pest control, so T. castaneum GSTe2 (TcGSTe2) in our previous study could be an important target protein for this purpose. This study aimed to find a potential TcGSTe2 inhibitors through in silico mothods, including molecular modeling, molecular docking, ADMET assay, followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, principal component analysis and MM/PBSA analysis. The results showed that ZINC000169293362 and ZINC000095566957 were selected as potential TcGSTe2 inhibitors with high-binding affinity and without any toxicity from 3618 of GSH-like compounds obtained from ZINC database. MD simulation results revealed that TcGSTe2-ZINC000169293362 had more stability than that of reference GSH. Moreover, TcGSTe2-ZINC000169293362 and TcGSTe2-ZINC000095566957 showed lower binding free energy (−27.53 ± 0.16 kcal/mol and −18.83 ± 0.15 kcal/mol, respectively) compared with TcGSTe2-GSH (−8.90 ± 0.30 kcal/mol). This study could provide new insight into reduction of insecticide resistance and be used to design new inhibitors of insect GSTs. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma</p

Characterization and Comparative Profiling of MicroRNAs in a Sexual Dimorphism Insect, <i>Eupolyphaga sinensis</i> Walker

<div><p>Background</p><p>MicroRNAs are now recognized as key post-transcriptional regulators in animal ontogenesis and phenotypic diversity. <i>Eupolyphaga sinensis</i> Walker (Blattaria) is a sexually dimorphic insect, which is also an important source of material used in traditional Chinese medicine. The male <i>E. sinensis</i> have shorter lifecycles and go through fewer instars than the female. Furthermore, the males have forewings, while the females are totally wingless.</p><p>Results</p><p>We used the Illumina/Solexa deep sequencing technology to sequence small RNA libraries prepared from the fourth-instar larvae of male and female <i>E. sinensis</i>. 19,097,799 raw reads were yielded in total: 7,817,445 reads from the female library and 11,280,354 from the male, respectively. As a result, we identified 168 known miRNAs belonging to 55 families as well as 204 novel miRNAs. Moreover, 45 miRNAs showed significantly different expression between the female and the male fourth-instar larvae, and we validated 10 of them by Stem-loop qRT-PCR. Some of these differentially expressed miRNAs are related to metamorphosis, development and phenotypic diversity.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>This is the first comprehensive description of miRNAs in <i>E. sinensis</i>. The results provide a useful resource for further in-depth study on molecular regulation and evolution of miRNAs. These findings not only enrich miRNAs for hemimetabolans but also lay the foundation for the study of post-transcriptional regulation on the phenomena of sexual dimorphism.</p></div

Relative expression levels of ten in the female and male <i>E. sinensis</i> by Quantitative real-time PCR.

<p>“*” and “**” means a statistically significant difference at level p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively, for this miRNA in the female and male <i>E. sinensis</i>. The error-bars show standard deviation for three biological replicates.</p

Size distribution of mappable reads related to miRNA in the female (A) and male (B) libraries of <i>E. sinensis</i>.

<p>The total represents the number of all mappable sequences were marked blue, and the unique represents the number of unique sequences were marked red. nt, nucleotides.</p

Comparison of miRNAs between the female and male <i>E. sinensis</i>.

<p>The Venn diagram displays the distribution of 372 unique miRNAs between the male (left, green circle) and female (right, pink circle) libraries. The dashed circles indicate the miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed (p<0.0001, Bonferroni corrected) in the two samples.</p

Annotations of mappable reads in the female and male libraries of <i>E. sinensis</i>.

<p>Annotations of mappable reads in the female and male libraries of <i>E. sinensis</i>.</p

Statistics of small RNA sequences from the female (A) and male (B) <i>E. sinensis</i> libraries.

<p>The raw reads were classified into five separate categories, Mappable sequences states the raw reads were passed through a series of the digital filters by Illumina's Genome Analyzer Pipeline software and ACGT101-miR program, and used in the further miRNA identification.</p

The most 20 abundant miRNAs identified in <i>E. sinensis</i>.

<p>The left panel was Relative expression levels between female (black) and male (light gray). The right panel was the normalized reads number.</p

Mutations in the conserved motifs I – IV of the PB1 protein and their effects on replicative ability in human and chicken cells.

1<p>The indicated mutations were introduced into the PB1 protein of A/bar-headed goose/Qinghai/1/2005 (H5N1; BHG) virus. Polymerase activity in human 293T and avian DF-1 cells is indicated as percentage relative to wild-type PB1 activity.</p>2<p>For some of these isolates, different sequences are reported in the Los Alamos National Laboratory and NIH NCBI databases.</p