Generalized Panofsky-Wenzel theorem in curvilinear coordinate systems applicable to non-ultrarelativistic beams

This note gives an introduction to the theories of impedances and wakes in particle accelerators. The standard formulation assumes that the beam is traveling along a straight orbit with constant velocity $\vec{v}=v\vec{e}_z$. On this note, we show the possibility of extending the formulation for beams traveling along a curved orbit but assuming $|\vec{v}|=v$ to be constant.Comment: 22 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2101.0436

General formulation of impedance in Frenet-Serret coordinate system

In accelerator physics, the concept of impedance is popularly used to describe the interactions of charged particles inside a bunch or between bunches in a train. Standard formulations of impedance assume that the driving charge has a constant velocity $\vec{v}=v\vec{i}_z$ in the $z$ direction of the Cartesian coordinate system. For the case of driving charge moving along a curved orbit, impedance can be formulated in the Frenet-Serret coordinate system, but there seems to be a lack of systematic formulations. This note presents an effort in this direction.Comment: 11 page

Fisher information analysis on quantum-enhanced parameter estimation in electromagnetically-induced-transparency spectrum with single photons

Electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) spectroscopy has been used as a sensitive sensor in quantum metrology applications. The sensitivity of a sensor strongly depends on the measurement precision of EIT spectrum. In this work, we present a theoretical study of the spectral lineshape measurement on a three-level $\Lambda$-type EIT media based on Fisher information (FI) analysis. Using two kinds of probing source: the single-photon Fock state and the coherent state, we calculate the FI in an EIT medium and quantify the quantum advantage and limitations of the single-photon probe. The analysis of FI structure also provides a clear picture to classify the spectral lineshape into two different regimes, the EIT and Aulter-Townes splitting (ATS). This work provides a systematic analysis of the single-photon EIT spectrum, which provides essential knowledge of quantum sensing based on EIT and deepens our understanding of spectral characteristics of $\Lambda$-type media.Comment: 15 pages, 15 figure

Cijepni soj virusa zaraznog bronhitisa patogeniji je za pileće zametke od divljeg soja 2575/98.

An avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain 2575/98 was attenuated using serial chicken embryo passage to become a vaccine in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to investigate the replication ability, pathogenicity, and tissue tropism of the wild and vaccine strains in chicken embryos. The embryos were inoculated with different titers of wild and vaccine strains. Quantification of virus in allantoic fluid was evaluated using real time RT-PCR. The results showed that the vaccine strain replicated in higher titers than the wild strain, and caused embryo death so quickly that only a few dwarfisms occurred. The embryos inoculated with wild and vaccine strains had similar lesions that were confined primarily to the chorionallantoic membrane (CAM), liver, and kidneys. The immunohistochemical data showed that IBV was present predominantly in the lungs, kidneys, and CAM. Although both strains caused hepatic damage, very few virus antigens were detected in the hepatic tissue. The pathogenicity of the vaccine becomes higher in embryos although it is lower in chickens than its wild strain. The vaccine strain could be used as a possible new vaccine candidate for IBV control.Virus zaraznog bronhitisa peradi soj 2575/98 bio je oslabljen uzastopnim pasažama u pilećim zametcima da bi poslužio kao cijepni soj u Tajvanu. Cilj je ovog rada bio istražiti mogućnost umnožavanja, patogenost i tropizam terenskog i cijepnog soja u pilećim zametcima. Zametci su bili inokulirani cijepnim sojem različitog titra. Količina virusa u alantoisnoj tekućini bila je određena RT-PCR-om u stvarnom vremenu. Rezultati su pokazali da se cijepni soj umnažao u višem titru od divljeg soja i prouzročio uginuće zametaka tako brzo da se uspjelo razviti svega nekoliko kržljavih. U inokuliranih zametaka, bez obzira na divlji ili cijepni soj, razvile su se slične promjene pretežito na korioalantoisnoj opni, jetrima i bubrezima. Imunohistokemijski je dokazano da se virus zaraznog bronhitisa prvenstveno nalazio u plućima, bubrezima i korioalantoisnoj opni. Iako su oba soja prouzročila oštećenja jetara, neznatna količina virusnog antigena bila je dokazana u jetrenom tkivu. Patogenost cijepnog soja bila je u zametcima jača, a u pilićima slabija od divljeg soja. Cijepni soj bi se mogao rabiti kao mogući kandidat za proizvodnju novog cjepiva protiv zaraznog bronhitisa