DO HEALTH CLAIMS MATTER FOR CONSUMER PREFERENCE ON TEA BEVERAGE? EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM TAIWAN

This paper aims to identify consumer preference for tea drinking products in Taiwan by applying conjoint analysis and investigate whether health claims as attributes would influence consumer’s choice behavior. From 1 July to 31 August 2005, 620 consumers of tea drinking products participated in the choice-based conjoint experiment, which conducted in the city of Taipei, Taichung, Tainan, and Kaohsiung in Taiwan. The data were collected in supermarket using questionnaire for personal interviews. Overall, the estimated individual models fit the data well using Conditional Logit Model. Regarding the result of “Original Tea”, consumer’s order ranking of tea category is green tea, oolong tea, and black tea. The most importance on the standard that health claims have positive influence on higher likelihood of purchasing tea drinks. In addition, consumer prefers to tea drinks with Catechins, processing technology using cold extraction, and paper package. However, it could be seen that as the price increases the utility for the consumer decreases. Also, we report the negative relationship between price and purchasing intention. It is found that respondents preferred to tea drinking products with health claims. This result stands for consumer’s concern on their health status by intaking additives like Catechins. Our results also suggest that respondents prefer that tea drinks include less sugar that implies that the product is produced “light”.Tea Drinking Products, Consumer Preference, Health Claims, Conjoint Analysis, Conditional Logit Model, Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Health Economics and Policy,

Anaesthetic effects of xylazine combinations in high and low concentrations of tiletamine-zolazepam, with and without ketamine, in cats

Intramuscular (1M) administration of four anaesthetic combinations were evaluated on nine cats ina repeated manner. The anaesthetic regimens were: (i) 2 mg/kg tiletamine, 2 mg/kg zolazepam, 3.2 mg/kg ketamine and 0.8 mg/kg xylazine (T₄KX); (ii) 1 mg/kg tiletamine, 1 mg/kg zolazepam, 3.2 mg/kg ketamine and 0.8 mg/kg xylazine (T₂KX); (iii) 2 mg/kg tiletamine, 2 mg/kg zolazepam and 0.8 mg/kg xylazine (T₄X); and (iv) 1 mg/kg tiletamine, 1 mg/kg zolazepam and 0.8 mg/kg xylazine (T2X). All four combinations induced smooth recumbency within 4 minutes following IM administration and enabled intubation. All four anaesthetic combinations caused an immediate increase in heart rate and a dramatic decrease in respiratory rate. Pale to slight cyanotic mucous membrane was observed in most cats, 5 minutes following administration of any of the anaesthetic combinations. The T₄KX combination provided the longest duration of anaesthesia, followed by T₂KX, T₄X and T₂X, Time from IM injection to righting reflex, sternal recumbency, and standing or walking, was longest after administration of T₄KX, followed by T₄X, T₂X and T₂KX. Quality of recovery from anaesthesia was better following T₂X and T₂KX administration compared to T₄X and T₄KX. This study demonstrates the benefits of adding ketamine in the anaesthetic combination to reduce the tiletaminezolazepam component. The data in this study can be used to compare and choose an initial IM TKX induction dose for short and non-invasive procedures in cats