An equilibrium-conserving taxation scheme for income from capital

Under conditions of market equilibrium, the distribution of capital income follows a Pareto power law, with an exponent that characterizes the given equilibrium. Here, a simple taxation scheme is proposed such that the post-tax capital income distribution remains an equilibrium distribution, albeit with a different exponent. This taxation scheme is shown to be progressive, and its parameters can be simply derived from (i) the total amount of tax that will be levied, (ii) the threshold selected above which capital income will be taxed and (iii) the total amount of capital income. The latter can be obtained either by using Piketty's estimates of the capital/labor income ratio or by fitting the initial Pareto exponent. Both ways moreover provide a check on the amount of declared income from capital.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Natural Gas

Natural gas is mostly formed from plankton—tiny water-dwelling organisms, including algae and protozoans—that accumulated on the ocean floor as they died. These organisms were slowly buried and compressed under layers of sediment. Over long periods of time, the pressure and heat generated by overlying sediments converted this organic material into natural gas. Natural gas frequently migrates through porous and fractured reservoir rock with petroleum and subsequently accumulates in underground reservoirs. Because natural gas and petroleum are formed by similar natural processes, these two hydrocarbons are often found together in underground reservoirs

RFID localization using special antenna technique

In this paper, a RFID localization method using special antenna technique is presented. By using an active RFID system with external dipole antenna the angle and the distance from the antenna to the RFID tag can be found based on the principle of null steering. Compared with other techniques, this method has a number of advantages such as simple design, easy to implement, low cost and high reliability

Marx for his times. Book Review of: 'Karl Marx : greatness and illusion' by Gareth Stedman Jones

Potential downstream targets for CD274. RNA-sequencing was performed with WT and CD274-null LICs, and the candidate genes related to proliferation and cell cycle was analyzed. (PDF 116 kb

Determination of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution of Organic Solutes in the Ionic Liquid 1‑(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium Nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonate Using Gas–Liquid Chromatography

Activity coefficients at infinite dilution (γ_<i>i</i>^∞) for a variety of organic solutes (alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkyl benzenes, alcohols, 1,4-dioxane, acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, and dichloromethane) in the ionic liquid (IL) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonate ([C₂OHmim]­[C₄F₉SO₃]) have been determined by gas–liquid chromatography using the IL as the stationary phase. The measurements were conducted in the temperature range from 303 to 353 K. The partial molar excess Gibbs energies (Δ<i>G</i>_<i>i</i>^E,∞), enthalpies (Δ<i>H</i>_<i>i</i>^E,∞), and entropies (Δ<i>S</i>_<i>i</i>^E,∞) at infinite dilution of the solutes in the ionic liquid were calculated from the temperature dependence of the values of γ_<i>i</i>^∞. Values of selectivity <i>s</i>_<i>ij</i>^∞ and capacity <i>k</i>_<i>j</i>^∞ at <i>T</i> = 323.15 K for the IL [C₂OHmim]­[C₄F₉SO₃] were calculated for both cyclohexane/benzene and benzene/methanol binary systems. The results obtained from this work were compared with reported literature data for other [C₂OHmim] based ILs

Total antioxidant capacity content in (A) urine and (B) serum samples of male and female mice at 24-month of age.

<p>Genotype effect (Wt v.s. Tg): +P<0.05. Gender effect (Male v.s. Female): †P<0.05, ††P<0.01. All data are expressed as Mean ± SEM, N = 5 mice/group.</p

Total antioxidant capacity levels in the cortex of (A) male mice, (B) female mice, and (C) urine samples.

<p>VMW: vehicle treated male Wt mice, DMW: drug treated male Wt mice, VMT: vehicle treated male Tg mice, DMT: drug treated male Tg mice, VFT: vehicle treated female Tg mice, DFT: drug treated female Tg mice. Genotype effect (Wt v.s. Tg): +P<0.05, ++P<0.01. Treatment effect (vehicle v.s. drug): *P<0.05. All data are expressed as Mean ± SEM, N = 5 mice/group.</p