Supplementary Material for: Complement Factor I Polymorphism Is Not Associated with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in a Chinese Population

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To identify the associations of the two complement factor I (CFI) polymorphisms <i>rs10033900</i> and <i>rs2285714</i> with risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in a Chinese case-control study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 900 subjects - 300 controls, 300 cases with nAMD and 300 cases with PCV - were included in the present study. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood leukocytes. The allelic variants of <i>rs10033900</i> and <i>rs2285714</i> were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The differences in allele distribution between the cases and controls were tested by a χ² test with age and gender adjusted for by logistic regression analysis. We also performed a meta-analysis of the case-control studies of <i>rs10033900</i> and <i>rs2285714</i> based on the currently available evidence from the literature. The meta-analysis was conducted via an inverse-variance, fixed-effects model, as previously described. <b><i>Results:</i></b> No statistically significant association was observed between the two polymorphisms of CFI and AMD risk, including nAMD, PCV and combined AMD (p > 0.05 for all comparisons). By meta-analysis, we detected significant associations between both of the SNPs and late AMD, which is consistent with previous results (odds ratio, OR, <i>rs10033900</i> = 0.814, p <i>rs10033900</i> < 0.001; OR <i>rs2285714</i> = 1.221, p <i>rs2285714</i> < 0.001). For <i>rs2285714</i>, the results of the meta-analysis were less reliable due to its heterogeneity. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In our case-control study, neither of the two SNPs most studied (<i>rs10033900</i> or <i>rs2285714</i>) in the <i>CFI</i> gene was a risk factor for developing nAMD or PCV in a Chinese population. Additional large, comprehensive and well-designed association studies are needed to better understand the role of ethnicity and other gene interactions in the association between the <i>CFI</i> gene and AMD

Supplementary Material for: Age-period-cohort analysis of long-term trends in ischemic stroke mortality in China caused by specific risk factors from 1990 to 2019

Objective: To study the primary risk factors for the long-term trends of mortality rates in ischemic stroke (IS) in China. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) database, research was conducted on the 11 primary risk factors for the mortality rates of IS in China from 1990 to 2019. This study employed Joinpoint regression software and the Age-Period-Cohort (APC) method to evaluate the trends of mortality rates divided by age, period, and cohort over time. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) caused by a diet high in red meat and high body-mass index (BMI) in China showed an upward trend. ASMR increased first and then decreased due to smoking, diet high in sodium, particulate matter pollution, high fasting plasma glucose, and high systolic blood pressure. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), kidney dysfunction, low temperature, and lead exposure remained relatively stable during this period. In the 35-45 age group, the mortality rate of IS due to high LDL-C was up to about 60%, and smoking affected men more than women. Overall, high LDL-C, high systolic blood pressure, and particulate matter pollution were the most common risk factors in patients with IS. The risk of death rose with age. The period and cohort relative risks showed that metabolic risk factors had the greatest impact on the mortality of IS. Conclusion: Metabolic risk factors have become the primary risk factors for the ASMR of IS in China. Relevant authorities should pay attention to their long-term effects on IS. Effective public health policies and interventions should be implemented to reduce the burden of IS

Supplementary Material for: Age-period-cohort analysis of long-term trends in ischemic stroke mortality in China caused by specific risk factors from 1990 to 2019

Objective: To study the primary risk factors for the long-term trends of mortality rates in ischemic stroke (IS) in China. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) database, research was conducted on the 11 primary risk factors for the mortality rates of IS in China from 1990 to 2019. This study employed Joinpoint regression software and the Age-Period-Cohort (APC) method to evaluate the trends of mortality rates divided by age, period, and cohort over time. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) caused by a diet high in red meat and high body-mass index (BMI) in China showed an upward trend. ASMR increased first and then decreased due to smoking, diet high in sodium, particulate matter pollution, high fasting plasma glucose, and high systolic blood pressure. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), kidney dysfunction, low temperature, and lead exposure remained relatively stable during this period. In the 35-45 age group, the mortality rate of IS due to high LDL-C was up to about 60%, and smoking affected men more than women. Overall, high LDL-C, high systolic blood pressure, and particulate matter pollution were the most common risk factors in patients with IS. The risk of death rose with age. The period and cohort relative risks showed that metabolic risk factors had the greatest impact on the mortality of IS. Conclusion: Metabolic risk factors have become the primary risk factors for the ASMR of IS in China. Relevant authorities should pay attention to their long-term effects on IS. Effective public health policies and interventions should be implemented to reduce the burden of IS