SHAPNN: Shapley Value Regularized Tabular Neural Network

We present SHAPNN, a novel deep tabular data modeling architecture designed for supervised learning. Our approach leverages Shapley values, a well-established technique for explaining black-box models. Our neural network is trained using standard backward propagation optimization methods, and is regularized with realtime estimated Shapley values. Our method offers several advantages, including the ability to provide valid explanations with no computational overhead for data instances and datasets. Additionally, prediction with explanation serves as a regularizer, which improves the model's performance. Moreover, the regularized prediction enhances the model's capability for continual learning. We evaluate our method on various publicly available datasets and compare it with state-of-the-art deep neural network models, demonstrating the superior performance of SHAPNN in terms of AUROC, transparency, as well as robustness to streaming data.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Effective and efficient midlevel visual elements-oriented land-use classification using VHR remote sensing images

Land-use classification using remote sensing images covers a wide range of applications. With more detailed spatial and textural information provided in very high resolution (VHR) remote sensing images, a greater range of objects and spatial patterns can be observed than ever before. This offers us a new opportunity for advancing the performance of land-use classification. In this paper, we first introduce an effective midlevel visual elements-oriented land-use classification method based on “partlets,” which are a library of pretrained part detectors used for midlevel visual elements discovery. Taking advantage of midlevel visual elements rather than low-level image features, a partlets-based method represents images by computing their responses to a large number of part detectors. As the number of part detectors grows, a main obstacle to the broader application of this method is its computational cost. To address this problem, we next propose a novel framework to train coarse-to-fine shared intermediate representations, which are termed “sparselets,” from a large number of pretrained part detectors. This is achieved by building a single-hidden-layer autoencoder and a single-hidden-layer neural network with an L0-norm sparsity constraint, respectively. Comprehensive evaluations on a publicly available 21-class VHR land-use data set and comparisons with state-of-the-art approaches demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of this paper

Fine Structure of the Sensilla and Immunolocalisation of Odorant Binding Proteins in the Cerci of the Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria

Using light and electron microscopy (both scanning and transmission), we observed the presence of sensilla chaetica and hairs on the cerci of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria L. (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Based on their fine structures, three types of sensilla chaetica were identified: long, medium, and short. Males presented significantly more numbers of medium and short sensilla chaetica than females (p<0.05). The other hairs can also be distinguished as long and short. Sensilla chaetica were mainly located on the distal parts of the cerci, while hairs were mostly found on the proximal parts. Several dendritic branches, enveloped by a dendritic sheath, are present in the lymph cavity of the sensilla chaetica. Long, medium, and short sensilla chaetica contain five, four and three dendrites, respectively. In contrast, no dendritic structure was observed in the cavity of the hairs. By immunocytochemistry experiments only odorant-binding protein 2 from L. migratoria (LmigOBP2) and chemosensory protein class I from the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forsskål (SgreCSPI) strongly stained the outer lymph of sensilla chaetica of the cerci. The other two types of hairs were never labeled. The results indicate that the cerci might be involved in contact chemoreception processes

Crisis Response across Borders: A Comparative Study of Two Companies&apos; Image Repair Discourse

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Long-term trends and drivers of aerosol pH in eastern China

Aerosol acidity plays a key role in regulating the chemistry and toxicity of atmospheric aerosol particles. The trend of aerosol pH and its drivers is crucial in understanding the multiphase formation pathways of aerosols. Here, we reported the first trend analysis of aerosol pH from 2011 to 2019 in eastern China, calculated with the ISORROPIA model based on observed gas and aerosol compositions. The implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan led to −35.8 %, −37.6 %, −9.6 %, −81.0 % and 1.2 % changes of PM2.5, SO42-, NHx, non-volatile cations (NVCs) and NO3- in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region during this period. Different from the drastic changes of aerosol compositions due to the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, aerosol pH showed a minor change of −0.24 over the 9 years. Besides the multiphase buffer effect, the opposite effects from the changes of SO42- and non-volatile cations played key roles in determining this minor pH trend, contributing to a change of +0.38 and −0.35, respectively. Seasonal variations in aerosol pH were mainly driven by the temperature, while the diurnal variations were driven by both temperature and relative humidity. In the future, SO2, NOx and NH3 emissions are expected to be further reduced by 86.9 %, 74.9 % and 41.7 % in 2050 according to the best health effect pollution control scenario (SSP1-26-BHE). The corresponding aerosol pH in eastern China is estimated to increase by ∼0.19, resulting in 0.04 less NO3- and 0.12 less NH4+ partitioning ratios, which suggests that NH3 and NOx emission controls are effective in mitigating haze pollution in eastern China.</p

Identification of two novel and one rare mutation in DYRK1A and prenatal diagnoses in three Chinese families with intellectual Disability-7

Background and purpose: Intellectual disability-7 (MRD7) is a subtype disorder of intellectual disability (MRD) involving feeding difficulties, hypoactivity, and febrile seizures at an age of early onset, then progressive intellectual and physical development deterioration. We purposed to identify the underlying causative genetic factors of three individuals in each Chinese family who presented with symptoms of intellectual disability and facial dysmorphic features. We provided prenatal diagnosis for the three families and genetic counseling for the prevention of this disease.Methods: We collected retrospective clinical diagnostic evidence for the three probands in our study, which included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT), electroencephalogram (EEG), and intelligence tests for the three probands in our study. Genetic investigation of the probands and their next of kin was performed by Trio-whole exome sequencing (WES). Sanger sequencing or quantitative PCR technologies were then used as the next step to verify the variants confirmed with Trio-WES for the three families. Moreover, we performed amniocentesis to explore the state of the three pathogenic variants in the fetuses by prenatal molecular genetic diagnosis at an appropriate gestational period for the three families.Results: The three probands and one fetus were clinically diagnosed with microcephaly and exhibited intellectual developmental disability, postnatal feeding difficulties, and facial dysmorphic features. Combining probands’ clinical manifestations, Trio-WES uncovered the three heterozygous variants in DYRK1A: a novel variant exon3_exon4del p.(Gly4_Asn109del), a novel variant c.1159C&gt;T p.(Gln387*), and a previously presented but rare pathogenic variant c.1309C&gt;T p.(Arg437*) (NM_001396.5) in three families, respectively. In light of the updated American College of Medical Genetic and Genomics (ACMG) criterion, the variant of exon3_exon4del and c.1159C&gt;T were both classified as likely pathogenic (PSV1+PM6), while c1309C&gt;T was identified as pathogenic (PVS1+PS2_Moderate+PM2). Considering clinical features and molecular testimony, the three probands were confirmed diagnosed with MRD7. These three discovered variants were considered as the three causal mutations for MRD7. Prenatal diagnosis detected the heterozygous dominant variant of c.1159C&gt;T p.(Gln387*) in one of the fetuses, indicating a significant probability of MRD7, subsequently the gestation was intervened by the parents’ determination and professional obstetrical operation. On the other side, prenatal molecular genetic testing revealed wild-type alleles in the other two fetuses, and their parents both decided to sustain the gestation.Conclusion: We identified two novel and one rare mutation in DYRK1A which has broadened the spectrum of DYRK1A and provided evidence for the diagnosis of MRD7 at the molecular level. Besides, this study has supported the three families with MRD7 to determine the causative genetic factors efficiently and provide concise genetic counseling for the three families by using Trio-WES technology

Breast cancer-derived K172N, D301V mutations abolish Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling

AbstractNa+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) is a scaffold protein known to interact with a number of cancer-related proteins. nherf1 Mutations (K172N and D301V) were recently identified in breast cancer cells. To investigate the functional properties of NHERF1, wild-type and cancer-derived nherf1 mutations were stably expressed in SKMES-1 cells respectively. NHERF1-wt overexpression suppressed the cellular malignant phenotypes, including proliferation, migration, and invasion. nherf1 Mutations (K172N and D301V) caused complete or partial loss of NHERF1 functions by affecting the PTEN/NHERF1/PDGFRβ complex formation, inactivating NHERF1 inhibition of PDGF-induced AKT and ERK activation, and attenuating the tumor-suppressor effects of NHERF1-wt. These results further demonstrated the functional consequences of breast cancer-derived nherf1 mutations (K172N and D301V), and suggested the causal role of NHERF1 in tumor development and progression

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat