3,813 research outputs found

    Reducing Uncertainty and Risk in Early Stages of Complex Product Development Projects

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    The concept of risk and uncertainty in project and their relationship is investigated. Early stages of complex product development projects and their specifications are analyzed It is suggested to reduce the uncertainty and risk of the project in its early development stages by making decisions between alternatives with an awareness of the risks associated with each alternative

    ZnO/1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride paste electrode, highly sensitive lorazepam sensor

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    The measurement of pharmaceutical compounds in biological fluids is considered an effective way to evaluate their effectiveness. On the other hand, lorazepam is a drug with good efficiency in treatment and some side effects, which measurement is very important. In this study, the ZnO nanoparticle was synthesized as an electrocatalyst by chemical precipitation method. In continuous a simple modification on paste electrode (PE) by ZnO nanoparticle (ZnO-NPs) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (HMImCl) was made and new sensor was used for sensing of lorazepam. The HMImCl/ZnO-NPs/PE showed catalytic behavior on oxidation signal of lorazepam and improved its signal about 2.17 times compared to unmodified PE. On the other hand, oxidation signal of lorazepam was reduced about 110 mV at surface of HMImCl/ZnO-NPs/PE compare to unmodified PE that confirm accelerating the electron exchange process after modification of sensor by HMImCl and ZnO-NPs as powerful catalysts. The HMImCl/ZnO-NPs/PE was used for monitoring of lorazepam in water and injection samples and results showed recovery data 98.5 to 103.5 % that are acceptable for a new sensor

    Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

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    The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum
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