Association Between Infant Feeding Modes and Reflux

GER is a frequently reported health concern in neonates, which may motivate changes in infant feeding modes and addition of solid food as a milk thickening agent to sooth reflux symptom, We analysed repeated measurements in the Infant Feeding Study II, 0505/0607, United States. A delayed model, taking the time order into account, showed that any combination of infant feeding with formula was a risk for reflux. Addition of solid food was not protective. The proportion of solid food use during the infancy increased from month 2 to month 12. Considering a reverse association (reflux -\u3e feeding), preceding reflux significantly reduced direct breastfeeding (RR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.66, 0.94], p = .009). Hence, there seems to be a risk that mothers of infants with reflux stop protective breastfeeding in the following month

Sintering of Fine Oxide Powders: II, Sintering Mechanisms

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65619/1/j.1151-2916.1997.tb02879.x.pd

Reactive Cerium(IV) Oxide Powders by the Homogeneous Precipitation Method

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66445/1/j.1151-2916.1993.tb03942.x.pd

Early “Neolithics” of China: Variation and Evolutionary Implications

The growth and significance of scientific research into the origins of agriculture in China calls for fresh examination at scales large enough to facilitate explanation of cultural evolutionary processes. The Paleolithic to Neolithic transition (PNT) is not yet well-understood because most archaeological research on early agriculture cites data from the more conspicuous and common early Neolithic sites. In this, the first of two papers, we synthesize a broad range of early Neolithic archaeological data, including diagnostic artifacts, settlement patterns, site structure, and biological remains, to consider agriculture as a system-level adaptive phenomenon. Although farming by this period was already well-established in much of North China and the middle Yangtze River basin, echoes of the foraging past can be found in the persistence of hunting-related artifacts in North China’s Loess Plateau and aquatic-based intensification and vegeculture in South China. Our analysis of the growing body of Chinese data and projections using Binford’s hunting and gathering database indicate that agriculture was differentially developed, adopted, or resisted by foragers according to measurable, predictable initial conditions of habitat that influenced diet breadth. In a subsequent paper (Journal of Anthropological Research 73(3), 2017, doi: 10.1086/692660), we will use these findings as a platform for a deeper consideration of the emerging archaeological record of the PNT, and to develop hypotheses for the last foraging and first farming adaptations in China

Intensified Foraging and the Roots of Farming in China

In an accompanying paper (Journal of Anthropological Research 73(2):149–80, 2017), the authors assess current archaeological and paleobiological evidence for the early Neolithic of China. Emerging trends in archaeological data indicate that early agriculture developed variably: hunting remained important on the Loess Plateau, and aquatic-based foraging and protodomestication augmented cereal agriculture in South China. In North China and the Yangtze Basin, semisedentism and seasonal foraging persisted alongside early Neolithic culture traits such as organized villages, large storage structures, ceramic vessels, and polished stone tool assemblages. In this paper, we seek to explain incipient agriculture as a predictable, system-level cultural response of prehistoric foragers through an evolutionary assessment of archaeological evidence for the preceding Paleolithic to Neolithic transition (PNT). We synthesize a broad range of diagnostic artifacts, settlement, site structure, and biological remains to develop a working hypothesis that agriculture was differentially developed or adopted according to “initial conditions” of habitat, resource structure, and cultural organization. The PNT of China is characterized by multiple, divergent evolutionary pathways: between the eastern and western parts of North China, and between and the Yangtze Valley and the Lingnan region farther south

A Novel Three-stage Process for Continuous Production of Penicillin G Acylase by a Temperature - sensitive Expression System of Bacillus subtilis Phagephi 105

This study is pertaining to the production of penicillin G acylase (PGA) by Bacillus subtilis 8105MU331 in which PGA gene, under the control of thermal-induced promoter, was integrated. The key process parameters including induced-temperature, induced- time, and culture temperature were optimized in flask culture. A three-stage cultivation process was developed for PGA production with the expression system of B. subtilis 8105MU331. Furthermore, a bioreactor with a thermal-induced apparatus was designed for continuous production of PGA, where cell growth, induction, and PGA expression could be conducted separately. At a dilution rate of 0.20 h–1, PGA production was taken under continuous cultivation in three-stage process. After continuous feeding, the cell density, pH, and residual glucose in the first- and third-reactor were maintained steady for up to 40 h. These results suggested that the new three-stage process might be feasible and very efficient for production of heterologous proteins

EFFICIENT APPROXIMATION FOR LARGE-SCALE KERNEL CLUSTERING ANALYSIS

Kernel k-means is useful for performing clustering on nonlinearly separable data. The kernel k-means is hard to scale to large data due to the quadratic complexity. In this paper, we propose an approach which utilizes the low-dimensional feature approximation of the Gaussian kernel function to capitalize a fast linear k-means solver to perform the nonlinear kernel k-means. This approach takes advantage of the efficiency of the linear solver and the nonlinear partitioning ability of the kernel clustering. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is much more efficient than a normal kernel k- means solver and achieves similar clustering performance