Zeros of solutions of certain second order linear differential equation

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the exponent of convergence of the zero-sequence of solutions of the differential equation(1.3)f″+(Q1eP1(z)+Q2eP2(z)+Q3eP3(z))f=0, where P1(z), P2(z), P3(z) are polynomials of degree n⩾1, Q1, Q2, Q3 are entire functions of order less than n

On Growth of Meromorphic Solutions for Linear Difference Equations

We mainly study growth of linear difference equations and where are polynomials such that and give the most weak condition to guarantee that orders of all transcendental meromorphic solutions of the above equations are greater than or equal to 1

Zeros, Poles, and Fixed Points of Meromorphic Solutions of Difference Painlevé Equations

In this paper, we mainly study the properties of transcendental meromorphic solutions f(z) of difference Painlevé equations w(z+1)w(z-1)(w(z)-1)=η(z)w2(z)-λ(z)w(z) and w(z+1)w(z-1)(w(z)-1)=η(z)w(z) and obtain precise estimations of the exponents of convergence of zeros, poles of Δf(z) and Δf(z)/f(z), and of fixed points of f(z+c) for any c∈ℂ

On Properties of Meromorphic Solutions of Certain Difference Painlevé III Equations

We mainly study the exponents of convergence of zeros and poles of difference and divided difference of transcendental meromorphic solutions for certain difference Painlevé III equations

microRNA 490-3P enhances the drug-resistance of human ovarian cancer cells

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding, single-stranded small RNAs that regulate gene expression negatively, which is involved in fundamental cellular processes. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-490-3P in the development of drug resistance in ovarian cancer cells. METHODS: The human ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780 and A2780/Taxol were exposed to paclitaxel in the presence or absence of microRNA 490-3P transfection, after which cell viability were performed by CCK-8 assay. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting were used to assess the mRNA and protein expression levels of GST-π, MDR1 or P-gp. RESULTS: Our results showed higher miR-490-3P mRNA expression level in A2780/Taxol cells than in A2780 cells (p < 0.05). Following miR-490-3P transfection, both A2780 and A2780/Taxol cells showed decreased sensitivity to paclitaxel. The mRNA expression levels of MDR1, GST-π (p < 0.05) and protein expression levels of P-gp, GST-π were down-regulated after miR-490-3P transfection in comparison to mock and negative control cancer cells. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate for the first time that microRNA 490-3P may be involved in the development of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13048-014-0084-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

SUPRASPECIFIC TAXA OF THE BIVALVIA FIRST NAMED, DESCRIBED, AND PUBLISHED IN CHINA (1927–2007)

A total of 209 bivalve generic (subgeneric) and 19 familial (subfamilial) names first proposed by Chinese palaeontologists and published in China are treated herein as an annotated database. The present paper is designed especially for the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Bivalvia revision project, because access to bivalve taxa published by Chinese authors in China has been difficult for non-Chinese researchers. The original diagnoses of these taxa, including the original descriptions and explanation of figures of all the type species, have been translated from Chinese into English, so that non-Chinese colleagues can more easily have access to them

Neural Stress Fields for Reduced-order Elastoplasticity and Fracture

We propose a hybrid neural network and physics framework for reduced-order modeling of elastoplasticity and fracture. State-of-the-art scientific computing models like the Material Point Method (MPM) faithfully simulate large-deformation elastoplasticity and fracture mechanics. However, their long runtime and large memory consumption render them unsuitable for applications constrained by computation time and memory usage, e.g., virtual reality. To overcome these barriers, we propose a reduced-order framework. Our key innovation is training a low-dimensional manifold for the Kirchhoff stress field via an implicit neural representation. This low-dimensional neural stress field (NSF) enables efficient evaluations of stress values and, correspondingly, internal forces at arbitrary spatial locations. In addition, we also train neural deformation and affine fields to build low-dimensional manifolds for the deformation and affine momentum fields. These neural stress, deformation, and affine fields share the same low-dimensional latent space, which uniquely embeds the high-dimensional simulation state. After training, we run new simulations by evolving in this single latent space, which drastically reduces the computation time and memory consumption. Our general continuum-mechanics-based reduced-order framework is applicable to any phenomena governed by the elastodynamics equation. To showcase the versatility of our framework, we simulate a wide range of material behaviors, including elastica, sand, metal, non-Newtonian fluids, fracture, contact, and collision. We demonstrate dimension reduction by up to 100,000X and time savings by up to 10X

Two case reports: EML4-ALK rearrangement large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and literature review

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) rearrangement is present in only approximately 5% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and is scarce in LCNEC patients. The conventional first-line treatment options are chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy or chemotherapy followed by palliative radiotherapy. In this report, we present two cases of metastatic LCNEC with EML4-ALK fusion that were treated with ALK-TKI inhibitors and demonstrated a rapid therapeutic response. Both patients were nonsmoking women who declined cytotoxic chemotherapy, underwent Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), and confirmed EML4-ALK fusion. They were treated with alectinib as first-line therapy, and the tumors showed significant shrinkage after two months, achieving a PR (defined as a more than 30% decrease in the sum of maximal dimensions). The PFS was 22 months and 32 months, respectively, until the last follow-up. A systematic review of all previously reported cases of LCNEC with ALK mutations identified only 21 cases. These cases were characterized by being female (71.4%), nonsmoking (85.7%), diagnosed at a relatively young age (median age 51.1), and stage IV (89.5%), with an overall response rate (ORR) of 90.5%. PFS and OS were significantly longer than those treated with conventional chemotherapy/immunotherapy. Based on the clinical characteristics and the effective therapeutic outcomes with ALK inhibitors in LCNEC patients with ALK fusion, we recommend routine ALK IHC (economical, affordable, and convenient, but with higher false positives) as a screening method in advanced LCNEC patients, particularly nonsmoking females or those who are not candidates for or unwilling to undergo cytotoxic chemotherapy. Further molecular profiling is necessary to confirm these potential beneficiaries. We suggest TKI inhibitors as the first-line treatment for metastatic LCNEC with ALK fusion. Additional studies on larger cohorts are required to assess the prevalence of ALK gene fusions and their sensitivity to various ALK inhibitors