NEGOTIATING INTERSECTING CULTURAL IDENTITIES, DIALECTICAL TENSIONS, AND STATUS RELATIONSHIPS: INTERCULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS IN TWO NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SOUTHWEST

This project addresses an important, but often overlooked, phenomenon of communication in intercultural relationships in the context of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) with attention to the role of intersecting cultural identity positions and status relationships. Specifically, I examined discourses of how members across three status positions in two social justice-oriented NPOs, namely Center of Peace for Asians and Social Enterprise of Hispanic Women, constructed the identity of the NPO and negotiated their intersecting cultural identities, relational dialectics, and status hierarchies. Also, I interrogated the ideological implications of discourses and the reproduction of broader social order. Four research questions were posed to guide my research. I relied on theoretical and conceptual foundations of cultural identities, intersecting standpoints, and relational dialectics to answer my research questions. I employed a method of critical discourse analysis that is consistent with an integrated critical/interpretive theoretical perspective. My data collection was guided by a case study approach that is commonly employed in researching NPOs. The two NPOs were selected based on their uniqueness and similarities as social justice-oriented NPOs. I collected three forms of data, among which interview discourses were the primary source of data. Findings in this study document ways in which intersecting cultural identity positions and status relationship negotiation affected the work of the two NPOs. Though not explicit in the interview discourses or organizational materials, the work of the NPOs, trying to enable women (and men) to succeed in the face of wider social systems, functioned implicitly to reproduce classism, patriarchy, and white supremacy. Overall, this study argues that cultural identities and relationships are best understood as contextually driven and having political implications, because they reflect status positions and have implications for the work of organizations and the lives of the marginalized clients/employees. In particular, underlying the reproduction of race-, class-, education-based privilege and higher status for staff and board members in both NPOs seems to be a unique form of liberalism ideology that I term benevolent liberalism. This form of liberalism is benevolent as rooted in a strong sense of moral obligation prevalent in the nonprofit sector to help people in need. Also, the findings in this study also suggest the critical role that middle-range actors, who understand both the social worlds above and below, can play as bridges to name differences and bring up critical issues. Finally, I synthesize a list of principles that appear central to intercultural relationship processes in the two NPOs in this study

What COVID-19 Taught Us About Pedagogy and Social Justice—Pandemic or Not

The COVID-19 pandemic (in conjunction with the Black Lives Matter Movement) exposed pervasive inequities, challenges, and opportunities to explore and implement “best” pedagogical practices to improve how we address social justice issues. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic intensified intergenerational gaps for the already vulnerable, under-resourced, and marginalized in our society. In response, we propose four “best practices” to embrace in our classrooms. These are: (a) fostering flexibility to bridge equity gaps; (b) rethinking the pedagogical panopticon; (c) emphasizing listening to and affirming students’ struggles; and (d) employing student-centered accountability. The authors detail some specific inequalities that were brought to the surface during the Spring and Summer of 2020, offer “best practices” in response to such inequities, and stress the need for a student-centered pedagogy that serves to improve teaching and learning not just during a crisis, but also in semesters and years to come

“You Have to Cry Before You Teach This Class”: Emotion With Work and Resistance in Teaching Intercultural Communication

In this study, we explore the ways in which Intercultural Communication instructors uniquely experience emotion with work and how this influences their pedagogical approaches to this course. We collected and analyzed interviews with 21 intercultural communication educators across U.S. colleges and universities. We present findings related to the types of resistance present and/or emerging in the intercultural communication classroom, emotional responses to resistance, and strategies for managing and negotiating emotion with work in the Intercultural Communication classroom. We end with discussing implications for teacher training programs designed for the Intercultural Communication classroom

The twain have met: Self-disclosure in the formation and development of intercultural friendships in the case of Taiwanese versus native English speakers.

Grounded in a social penetration perspective, this exploratory study aspires to examine the impact of self-disclosure on intercultural friendship development between Taiwanese and native English speakers by a section of the following populations: (a) Taiwanese sojourning in the US, (b) native English speakers sojourning in Taiwan, and (c) Taiwanese in Taiwan. This research employed a triangulation of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to answer the proposed research questions and hypothesis regarding four dimensions and six topics of self-disclosure. Consistent with the quantitative results, the five themes that emerged from the qualitative analysis indicate both unique challenges in self-disclosing to intercultural friends and a positive association between self-disclosure and cultural adaptation. Additionally, this study highlights the role of self-disclosure in the four identified stages of intercultural friendship development. Finally, findings from this study have implications for the social penetration theory, anxiety/uncertainly management theory, and theory of adaptation in intercultural dyads

Morus alba and active compound oxyresveratrol exert anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of leukocyte migration involving MEK/ERK signaling

Background: Morus alba has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases;however, the scientific basis for such usage and the mechanism of action are not well understood. This studyinvestigated the action of M. alba on leukocyte migration, one key step in inflammation.Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and cluster analyses of supercritical CO2 extractsof three Morus species were performed for chemotaxonomy-aided plant authentication. Phytochemistry andCXCR4-mediated chemotaxis assays were used to characterize the chemical and biological properties of M. albaand its active compound, oxyresveratrol. fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and Western blot analyses wereconducted to determine the mode of action of oxyresveratrol.Results: Chemotaxonomy was used to help authenticate M. alba. Chemotaxis-based isolation identifiedoxyresveratrol as an active component in M. alba. Phytochemical and chemotaxis assays showed that the crudeextract, ethyl acetate fraction and oxyresveratrol from M. alba suppressed cell migration of Jurkat T cells in responseto SDF-1. Mechanistic study indicated that oxyresveratrol diminished CXCR4-mediated T-cell migration via inhibitionof the MEK/ERK signaling cascade.Conclusions: A combination of GC-MS and cluster analysis techniques are applicable for authentication of theMorus species. Anti-inflammatory benefits of M. alba and its active compound, oxyresveratrol, may involve theinhibition of CXCR-4-mediated chemotaxis and MEK/ERK pathway in T and other immune cells

Combined Phytochemistry and Chemotaxis Assays for Identification and Mechanistic Analysis of Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals in Fallopia japonica

Plants provide a rich source of lead compounds for a variety of diseases. A novel approach combining phytochemistry and chemotaxis assays was developed and used to identify and study the mechanisms of action of the active compounds in F. japonica, a medicinal herb traditionally used to treat inflammation. Based on a bioactivity-guided purification strategy, two anthranoids, emodin and physcion, were identified from F. japonica. Spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize its crude extract, fractions and phytochemicals. The crude extract, chloroform fraction, and anthranoids of F. japonica significantly inhibited CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis. Mechanistic studies showed that emodin and physcion inhibited chemotaxis via inactivating the MEK/ERK pathway. Moreover, the crude extract and emodin could prevent or treat type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. This study illustrates the applicability of a combinational approach for the study of anti-inflammatory medicine and shows the potential of F. japonica and its anthranoids for anti-inflammatory therapy

Catenarin Prevents Type 1 Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice via Inhibition of Leukocyte Migration Involving the MEK6/p38 and MEK7/JNK Pathways

Inflammation contributes to leukocyte migration, termed insulitis, and β-cell loss in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Naturally occurring anthraquinones are claimed as anti-inflammatory compounds; however, their actions are not clear. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of catenarin on the inflammatory disease, T1D. Catenarin and/or its anthraquinone analogs dose-dependently suppressed C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)- and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5)-implicated chemotaxis in leukocytes. Catenarin, the most potent anthraquinone tested in the study, prevented T1D in nonobese diabetic mice. Mechanistic study showed that catenarin did not act on the expression of CCR5 and CXCR4. On the contrary, catenarin inhibited CCR5- and CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis via the reduction of the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 and JNK) and their upstream kinases (MKK6 and MKK7), and calcium mobilization. Overall, the data demonstrate the preventive effect and molecular mechanism of action of catenarin on T1D, suggesting its novel use as a prophylactic agent in T1D