A High speed 16-bit RISC processor chip

The goal of this thesis is to design and simulate a high speed 16-bit processor chip by using RISC architecture. The high computing speed is achieved by employing a more effective four-stage pipeline. This processor executes every instruction in one clock cycle, and it won\u27t have any delay of executing instructions when it executes Jump, Condition Jump, Call, and Return instructions. Its computing speed is 4 times faster than the speed of the Berkeley RISC II\u27s for the 8-MHz clock. The design includes the main architectural features of the RISC: the 4-stage pipeline, the thirty-two 8-bit register bank, the 16-bit address and data paths, the internal timer, the input port, and the two output ports. The chip is designed using 2u. CMOS N well two metal layer technology. The processor runs at a clock rate of 16 MHz. The size of the chip is 10535fim by 14677um. It consists of 24,982 transistors and consumes 200mw

Pd-Doped SnO 2

Methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), ethylene (C2H4), and acetylene (C2C2) are important fault characteristic hydrocarbon gases dissolved in power transformer oil. Online monitoring these gaseous components and their generation rates can present the operational state of power transformer timely and effectively. Gas sensing technology is the most sticky and tricky point in online monitoring system. In this paper, pure and Pd-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. The gas sensors were fabricated by side-heated preparation, and their gas sensing properties against CH4, C2H6, C2H4, and C2H2 were measured. Pd doping increases the electric conductance of the prepared SnO2 sensors and improves their gas sensing performances to hydrocarbon gases. In addition based on the frontier molecular orbital theory, the highest occupied molecular orbital energy and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy were calculated. Calculation results demonstrate that C2H4 has the highest occupied molecular orbital energy among CH4, C2H6, C2H4, and C2H2, which promotes charge transfer in gas sensing process, and SnO2 surfaces capture a relatively larger amount of electric charge from adsorbed C2H4

Chain-of-Thought Hub: A Continuous Effort to Measure Large Language Models' Reasoning Performance

As large language models (LLMs) are continuously being developed, their evaluation becomes increasingly important yet challenging. This work proposes Chain-of-Thought Hub, an open-source evaluation suite on the multi-step reasoning capabilities of large language models. We are interested in this setting for two reasons: (1) from the behavior of GPT and PaLM model family, we observe that complex reasoning is likely to be a key differentiator between weaker and stronger LLMs; (2) we envisage large language models to become the next-generation computational platform and foster an ecosystem of LLM-based new applications, this naturally requires the foundation models to perform complex tasks that often involve the composition of linguistic and logical operations. Our approach is to compile a suite of challenging reasoning benchmarks to track the progress of LLMs. Our current results show that: (1) model scale clearly correlates with reasoning capabilities; (2) As of May 2023, Claude-v1.3 and PaLM-2 are the only two models that are comparable with GPT-4, while open-sourced models still lag behind; (3) LLaMA-65B performs closely to code-davinci-002, indicating that with successful further development such as reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), it has great potential to be close to GPT-3.5-Turbo. Our results also suggest that for the open-source efforts to catch up, the community may focus more on building better base models and exploring RLHF.Comment: Preprint. Code at https://github.com/FranxYao/chain-of-thought-hu

Experimental studies and Microstructure Analysis for Ultra High-Performance Reactive Powder Concrete

In this paper, the strengthening mechanism of curing temperature, fine aggregate gradation, reactive materials, water reducer type, dosage and types of fibers on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Ultra-high-Performance Concrete (UHPC) was analyzed in detail by means of microstructure analysis using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and mechanical tests. Based on the mechanical tests and analysis of the microstructure, a new optimal mix proportion of UHPC was also developed by considering the economic benefits. It is found that the gradation of UHPC fine aggregate can achieve the densest stacking state gradation after the optimization of mix proportion. Gradation Optimization promotes UHPC to be hydrated step by step. A large amount of hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) gel and a small amount of crystal produced in the early hydration phase together form the original structure of the concrete. The initial hydration products consume a large amount of Ca (OH)2 to produce C-S-H and other cementitious substances by so called Secondary Hydration Reaction, the C-S-H can further catalyst hydration. It is also found that the low water-cement ratio can reduce porosity and improve the compactness and compressive strength of UHPC microstructure. The fibers can effectively delay the appearance and development of micro-cracks in the concrete matrix, help to improve the toughness, ductility and flexural properties of UHPC, and avoid brittle failure. High temperature curing is beneficial to the formation of cementitious substances with lower calcium-silicate ratio (C/S) and catalyst the occurrence of secondary hydration reaction

Effects of a particular heptapeptide on the IFN-α-sensitive CML cells

Abstract: Using the phage display biopanning technique, we have previously identified a heptapeptide KLWVIPQ which specifically bind to the surface of the IFN-α sensitive but not the IFN-α-resistant CML cells. The effects of this heptapeptide to the IFN-α-sensitive CML cells were investigated in the present study. IFN-α-sensitive KT-1/A3 and IFN-α-resistant KT-1/A3R CML cells were transfected by pEGFP KLWVIPQ expression vector and/or induced by IFN-α. WST-1 cell proliferation assay, flow cytometry and western blotting were performed to determine the effects of this heptapeptide and/or IFN-α on CML cells. The viability of the KT-1/A3 cells w as inhibited and apoptosis was induced by either expression of the heptapeptide KLWVIPQ or IFN-α treatment with concurrent up-regulation of P53 and down-regulation of P210bcr/abl. However, these effects were not observed in the IFN-α-resistant KT-1/A3R cells. These results suggest that the heptapeptide KLWVIPQ shares a similar mechanism w ith IFN-α in the regulat ion of CML cell growth and apoptosis, implying that the heptapeptide KLWVIPQ could be a novel target to go further into mechanisms of IFN-α sensitivity and/or resistance in CML