Two-path interference of single-particle pulses measured by the Unruh-DeWitt-type quantum detector

We study the two-path interference of single-particle pulses measured by the Unruh-DeWitt-type quantum detector, which itself is a quantum state as well as the incoming pulse, and of which the interaction with the pulse is described by unitary quantum evolution instead of a nonunitary collapsing process. Provided that the quantum detector remains coherent in time long enough, the detection probability still manifests the two-path interference pattern even if the length difference between the two paths considerably exceeds the coherence length of the single-particle pulse, contrary to the result measured by a classical detector. This fact reveals a new kind of quantum collapse of wave-particle duality that is induced by a change upon the detector, instead of a direct change upon the to-be-measured quantum state.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures; v2: substantially revised to rectify the fallacy in v

THE STUDY OF BATTING PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT MATERIAL BAT

The purpose of this study was to compare the velocity of sweet spot and batted-ball velocity during swing different material bat. Three collegiate baseball players randomly swung five different material bats. The high-speed video (2000 fps) was placed 7 meter above subject to capture swing image. The swing velocities of sweet spot before impact, after impact and batted-ball velocity were calculated. The results reveal that batted-ball velocity of bamboo bat and compound bat were between alloy bat and wood bat. There are significant correlations among bat velocity before impact and batted-ball velocity. We suggest that the bamboo or synthetic material of wood and bamboo were suitable to produce baseball bat. Moreover, it is very economy and safer than alloy bat

A systematic review and meta-analysis of guided tissue regeneration/osseous grafting for the treatment of Class II furcation defects

AbstractBackground/purposeThe purpose of this article was to conduct a systematic review of the clinical evidence on the efficacy of guide tissue regeneration (GTR) with/without osseous grafting (OG) in treating periodontal furcation Class II defects.Materials and methodsReports from randomized controlled clinical trials, with at least 6 months follow-up, comparing open flap debridement (OFD); GTR, and GTR + OG were located from various sources. Sources included the electronic databases of Cochrane Oral Health Group specialist trials register, MEDLINE, and PubMed; in addition, journal archives were hand-searched. Trials up to and including March 2012 were included. Using the PICO (Patient or Problem, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) question format, data from eligible articles were extracted and meta-analyzed. The outcomes measures were furcation closure rate, vertical/horizontal bone fill (re-entry), and vertical/horizontal attachment level gain.ResultsThe meta-analysis showed that the GTR and GTR + OG groups obtained greater furcation closure rate, vertical/horizontal bone fill, and vertical/horizontal attachment level gain than the OFD group in mandibular molars. The GTR group obtained greater vertical/horizontal bone fill and vertical attachment level gain than the OFD group in maxillary molars. The GTR + OG group achieved better clinical outcomes than the GTR group did in all the comparing outcomes in mandibular molars.ConclusionGTR technique seemed to be more effective than OFD for resolving Class II periodontal furcation defects, and the GTR + OG technique showed even better clinical results. The outcomes were better for mandibular molars than for maxillary molars

Refrigerant- Lubricant Mixture Properties Influencing Bubble Dynamic Parameters and Heat Transfer Coefficient in Nucleate Pool Boiling

We have been successfully developed a model regarding lubricant effect on individual processes of bubble nucleation, growth and departure period for nucleate pool boiling heat transfer. In this study, three type POE refrigeration lubricants with different refrigerant miscibility (POEA/POEB/POEC), two viscosity grades (ISO68 & 170), three kind of refrigerants (R-134a/R-1234ze/R-134yf), and three different saturated temperatures (10℃/0℃/10℃) are taken into calculation under different heat flux ranging from 10 KW/m2 to 80 KW/m2. Based on this model, a knowledge of chemical structures and physical properties of lubricant and refrigerant is sufficient to get bubble dynamic parameters and predict the boiling performance near metal surface. According to calculating results, several key factors play an important role in pool boiling heat transfer and show drastic influence on bubble parameters and HTC, such as refrigerant type, saturated temperature, heat flux and lubricant concentration. Regarding lubricant chemical structure effect on heat transfer performance, it will be direct related to OCR and following influence on HTC in real evaporator environment. But if keeping same lubricant concentration, different results will appear. Various lubricant structures may provide different volume size, adsorption energy on metal surface and interaction force between refrigerant and lubricant, but these factors sometimes offset each other and lead to only a slight difference in bubble size, contact angle, surface coverage concentration, and HTC. The calculation indicates that the presence of lubricant imposes a negative effect on HTC during waiting period of bubble formation and departure period, but a positive effect on HTC may prevail in bubble growth period. Such two effects compete during the boiling process and could lead increase or impair heat transfer performance at a low lubricant concentration

Critical Success Factors of Alignment between Websites and OCAs in the Manufacturing Industry

In this study, a list containing twelve organizational critical activities (OCAs) of manufacturing industry is found out by the interviews with executives and revision of two experts. The analysis on secondary data and the deeper interviews are carried out to obtain the critical success factors of the alignment between websites and OCAs in the manufacturing industry. Six common critical success factors of the three companies are: Support of Executives, Excellent and Professional Team, Full Communication, Harmonic Website Build Process, Technical Support, and Complete Information System Architecture. Finally, this study hopes that companies in the manufacturing industry can improve the competitiveness according to the result of this study