Research on seismic internal forces of geogrids in reinforced soil retaining wall structures under earthquake actions

For geogrid reinforced soil retaining walls, there are no reasonable analysis theories and design methods. Its seismic reinforcement mechanism has not been clear. A nonlinear finite difference method is applied to analyze reinforced internal forces of geogrid reinforced soil retaining walls under different design parameters. An elastic-plastic model is used to simulated soils. The coupled elastic parameters are used to describe the interaction between soils and geogrids. The analysis parameters include reinforcement lengths, reinforcement spacing, distribution forms of geogrid layers, the stiffness of geogrids, earthquake intensities, stiffness of backfill soils, unit weights and panel thicknesses. Finally, the shaking table test model of a geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall is introduced. Seismic strains of geogrids are tested and are compared with numerical simulation results. Some conclusions are achieved such as distribution characters of seismic residual deformations of reinforced walls, coupled shear stresses between geogrids and soils, some sensitive impact parameters on reinforced internal forces of geogrids. The geogrids located in the middle layer of the reinforced zone play an important role. Calculation results will offer references for seismic designs of geogrid reinforced soil retaining walls

Pseudo-static calculation method of the seismic residual deformation of a geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall with a liquefied backfill

The geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall is a flexible retaining wall. It will produce large deformations during earthquakes, especially on liquefied backfill soils. An index of liquefaction extent is applied to express the effect of excess pore water pressure in reinforced backfill sand during earthquakes. A geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall is represented by an isotropic vertical elastic beam. The calculation method of the seismic residual deformation of the geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall is based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method and the the Mononobe-Okabe pseudo-static method. The effect of liquefaction extent in the backfill sand is studied for seismic active earth pressures acting on a reinforced wall back and seismic residual deformations of a reinforced wall. Some influence parameters on seismic residual deformations of geogrid reinforced soil retaining walls are investigated in detail, such as the internal friction angles in the backfill sand, friction angles of the wall, horizontal seismic intensities, reinforcement length of the geogrid and soil properties. Finally, the calculated results are compared with test results of a model on large-scale shaking table. The conclusions about the parameters will be helpful for seismic designs of geo-grid reinforced soil retaining walls on liquefied foundations. The proposed pseudo-static calculation method can be used to predict safe seismic deformations of geogrid reinforced soil retaining walls

SKFlow: Learning Optical Flow with Super Kernels

Optical flow estimation is a classical yet challenging task in computer vision. One of the essential factors in accurately predicting optical flow is to alleviate occlusions between frames. However, it is still a thorny problem for current top-performing optical flow estimation methods due to insufficient local evidence to model occluded areas. In this paper, we propose the Super Kernel Flow Network (SKFlow), a CNN architecture to ameliorate the impacts of occlusions on optical flow estimation. SKFlow benefits from the super kernels which bring enlarged receptive fields to complement the absent matching information and recover the occluded motions. We present efficient super kernel designs by utilizing conical connections and hybrid depth-wise convolutions. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of SKFlow on multiple benchmarks, especially in the occluded areas. Without pre-trained backbones on ImageNet and with a modest increase in computation, SKFlow achieves compelling performance and ranks $\textbf{1st}$ among currently published methods on the Sintel benchmark. On the challenging Sintel clean and final passes (test), SKFlow surpasses the best-published result in the unmatched areas ($7.96$ and $12.50$) by $9.09\%$ and $7.92\%$. The code is available at \href{https://github.com/littlespray/SKFlow}{https://github.com/littlespray/SKFlow}.Comment: Accepted to NeurIPS 202

Pseudo-static calculation method of the seismic residual deformation of a geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall with a liquefied backfill

The geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall is a flexible retaining wall. It will produce large deformations during earthquakes, especially on liquefied backfill soils. An index of liquefaction extent is applied to express the effect of excess pore water pressure in reinforced backfill sand during earthquakes. A geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall is represented by an isotropic vertical elastic beam. The calculation method of the seismic residual deformation of the geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall is based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method and the the Mononobe-Okabe pseudo-static method. The effect of liquefaction extent in the backfill sand is studied for seismic active earth pressures acting on a reinforced wall back and seismic residual deformations of a reinforced wall. Some influence parameters on seismic residual deformations of geogrid reinforced soil retaining walls are investigated in detail, such as the internal friction angles in the backfill sand, friction angles of the wall, horizontal seismic intensities, reinforcement length of the geogrid and soil properties. Finally, the calculated results are compared with test results of a model on large-scale shaking table. The conclusions about the parameters will be helpful for seismic designs of geo-grid reinforced soil retaining walls on liquefied foundations. The proposed pseudo-static calculation method can be used to predict safe seismic deformations of geogrid reinforced soil retaining walls

Pseudo-static calculation method of the seismic residual deformation of a geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall with a liquefied backfill

The geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall is a flexible retaining wall. It will produce large deformations during earthquakes, especially on liquefied backfill soils. An index of liquefaction extent is applied to express the effect of excess pore water pressure in reinforced backfill sand during earthquakes. A geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall is represented by an isotropic vertical elastic beam. The calculation method of the seismic residual deformation of the geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall is based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method and the the Mononobe-Okabe pseudo-static method. The effect of liquefaction extent in the backfill sand is studied for seismic active earth pressures acting on a reinforced wall back and seismic residual deformations of a reinforced wall. Some influence parameters on seismic residual deformations of geogrid reinforced soil retaining walls are investigated in detail, such as the internal friction angles in the backfill sand, friction angles of the wall, horizontal seismic intensities, reinforcement length of the geogrid and soil properties. Finally, the calculated results are compared with test results of a model on large-scale shaking table. The conclusions about the parameters will be helpful for seismic designs of geo-grid reinforced soil retaining walls on liquefied foundations. The proposed pseudo-static calculation method can be used to predict safe seismic deformations of geogrid reinforced soil retaining walls

Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis of Identified NUF2 as a Candidate Oncogene Correlates With Poor Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

BackgroundLung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. As a component of the nuclear division cycle 80 complex, NUF2 is a part of the conserved protein complex related to the centromere. Although the high expression of NUF2 has been reported in many different types of human cancers, the multi-omics analysis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of NUF2 remains to be elucidated.MethodsIn this analysis, NUF2 expression difference analysis in non-small cell lung cancer was evaluated by Oncomine, TIMER, GEO, and TCGA database. And the prognosis analysis of NUF2 based on Kaplan-Meier was performed. R language was used to analyze the differential expression genes, functional annotation and protein-protein interaction (PPI). GSEA analysis of differential expression genes was also carried out. Mechanism analysis about exploring the characteristic of NUF2, multi-omics, and correlation analysis was carried out using UALCAN, cBioportal, GEPIA, TIMER, and TISIDB, respectively.ResultsThe expression of NUF2 in NSCLC, both lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous lung cancer (LUSC), was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. The analysis of UALCAN database samples proved that NUF2 expression was connected with stage and smoking habits. Meanwhile, the overall survival curve also validated that high expression of NUF2 has a poorer prognosis in NSCLC. GO, KEGG, GSEA, subcellular location from COMPARTMENTS indicated that NUF2 may regulate the cell cycle. Correlation analysis also showed that NUF2 was mainly positively associated with cell cycle and tumor-related genes. NUF2 altered group had a poorer prognosis than unaltered group in NSCLC. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the NUF2 expression mainly have negatively correlation with immune cells and immune subtypes in LUAD and LUSC. Furthermore, quantitative PCR was used to validate the expression difference of NUF2 in LUAD and LUSC.ConclusionOur findings elucidated that NUF2 may play an important role in cell cycle, and significantly associated with tumor-related gene in NSCLC; we consider that NUF2 may be a prognostic biomarkers in NSCLC

Modulating Carrier Kinetics in BiVO4 Photoanodes through Molecular Co4O4 Cubane Layers

Understanding the role and immobilization of molecular catalysts on photoelectrodes is essential to use their full potential for efficient solar fuel generation. Here, a CoII4O4 cubane with proven catalytic performance and an active H2O─Co2(OR)2─OH2 edge-site moiety is immobilized on BiVO4 photoanodes through a versatile layer-by-layer assembly strategy. This delivers a photocurrent of 3.3 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE and prolonged stability. Tuning the thickness of the Co4O4 layer has remarkable effects on photocurrents, dynamic open circuit potentials, and charge carrier behavior. Comprehensive-time and frequency-dependent perturbation techniques are employed to investigate carrier kinetics in transient and pseudo-steady-state operando conditions. It is revealed that the Co4O4 layer can prolong carrier lifetime, unblock kinetic limitations at the interface by suppressing recombination, and enhance charge transfer. Additionally, its flexible roles are identified as passivation/hole trapping/catalytic layer at respective lower/moderate/higher potentials. These competing functions are under dynamic equilibrium, which fundamentally defines the observed photocurrent trends

Comparison of live microalgae and Spray-dried algae powder effects on growth, digestive and antioxidant capacity of juvenile pearl oyster <em>Pinctada maxima</em>

The pearl production through the pearl oyster *Pinctada maxima's* culture has developed slowly over the past decades due to over-fishing of wild populations and mass mortality at juvenile stages. Indoor farming is an alternative mode for *P. maxima* juvenile cultivation to improve survival rates. In pursuit of optimizing healthy management under the indoor farming mode, the objective of this investigation was to compare the growth performance, digestion, and antioxidant capacity of juveniles fed with different microalgae-based diets (live *Isochrysis zhanjiangensis,* *Platymonas subcordiformis*, *Chaetoceros muelleri*; and spray-dried *I. zhanjiangensis*, *P. subcordiformis*, *C. muelleri* powder). The juvenile survival rates fed with spray-dried microalgae powder (except *C. muelleri* powder) were not significantly different from those fed on live microalgae. However, the growth performance of juveniles fed with spray-dried microalgae powder could have been better than the live one. The digestive enzymatic activities were consistent with growth performance, and diets affected the antioxidant capacity. The spray-dried *I. zhanjiangensis* powder can serve as a substitute for live microalga in *P. maxima* juvenile indoor farming and is recommended under controlled conditions. The findings from this study would provide essential data to improve health management for *P. maxima* juveniles in indoor farming conditions