Luma/Chroma Component Wise Weighted Pixel Inter Prediction

After obtaining a prediction for a current block using inter-prediction, block adaptive local weighted prediction (BAWP) can be used to adjust the prediction based on luminance (i.e., brightness) and/or chroma (i.e., color) differences between the current block and its reference block therewith improving the prediction quality and reducing the differences, which in turn can reduce the prediction residuals that are encoded. Techniques that reduce the signaling costs associated with signaling BAWP for the luminance and chrominance components are described

Identification of molecular subtypes, risk signature, and immune landscape mediated by necroptosis-related genes in non-small cell lung cancer

BackgroundNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with an extremely high mortality rate. Necroptosis is a programmed cell death mode mediated by three major mediators, RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, and has been shown to play a role in various cancers. To date, the effect of necroptosis on NSCLC remains unclear.MethodsIn The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, we downloaded transcriptomes of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and their corresponding clinicopathological parameters. We performed multi-omics analysis using consensus clustering based on the expression levels of 40 necroptosis-related genes. We constructed prognostic risk models and used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, nomograms, and survival analysis to evaluate prognostic models.ResultsWith the use of consensus clustering analysis, two distinct subtypes of necroptosis were identified based on different mRNA expression levels, and cluster B was found to have a better survival advantage. Correlation results showed that necroptosis was significantly linked with clinical features, overall survival (OS) rate, and immune infiltration. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis confirmed that these differential genes were valuable in various cellular and biological functions and were significantly enriched in various pathways such as the P53 signaling pathway and cell cycle. We further identified three genomic subtypes and found that gene cluster B patients had better prognostic value. Multivariate Cox analysis identified the 14 best prognostic genes for constructing prognostic risk models. The high-risk group was found to have a poor prognosis. The construction of nomograms and ROC curves showed stable validity in prognostic prediction. There were also significant differences in tumor immune microenvironment, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and drug sensitivity between the two risk groups. The results demonstrate that the 14 genes constructed in this prognostic risk model were used as tumor prognostic biomarkers to guide immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Finally, we used qRT-PCR to validate the genes involved in the signature.ConclusionThis study promotes our new understanding of necroptosis in the tumor microenvironment of NSCLC, mines prognostic biomarkers, and provides a potential value for guiding immunotherapy and chemotherapy

Late‐onset aspirin‐related hemolysis and subsequent subdural hemorrhage in patient with glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Key Clinical Message Aspirin‐related hemolysis in G6PD deficiency could be late‐onset during long‐term administration. Hemolytic anemia could continue for a relatively long time in elder patient with G6PD deficiency, which might be related to other adverse events. Abstract Aspirin‐related hemolysis in G6PD‐deficient individuals was generally reported among patients who received high‐dose supplements within several days after ingestion. The safety of long‐term and low‐dose (50–325 mg/day) aspirin in patients coexist G6PD deficiency and cardiovascular disease is neglected in clinical practice. In this case, we observed a late‐onset hemolysis and subsequent fatal subdural hemorrhage in one G6PD‐deficient individual who had received long‐term and low‐dose aspirin. An 83‐year‐old male was diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke and treated with 100 mg/day aspirin at the emergency room. After admission, the patient was diagnosed with severe G6PD deficiency based on enzyme activity, but no hemolysis occurred within 10‐day aspirin therapy in the hospital. Hence, 100 mg/day aspirin was continued on discharge. Two months later, the patient presented acute hemolysis manifested as fatigue, dark urine, and moderate jaundice. Although hemolysis was self‐limit in a few days, hemoglobin decline continued for 20 days until a fatal subdural hemorrhage occurred. Our study indicated aspirin‐related hemolysis could be late‐onset in G6PD‐deficient individual even receiving low‐dose treatment and is probably linked to subsequent major bleeding events

Fortification of Chinese Steamed Bread with Glycyrrhizauralensis Polysaccharides and Evaluation of Its Quality and Performance Attributes

Natural polysaccharides are new popular healthy food material, and the materials are widely used in various functional foods. The influences of polysaccharides from Glycyrrhiza uralensis on the quality and sensory properties of Chinese steamed bread (CSB), as well as the performance (starch digestion in vitro and starch staling) of CSB, were investigated in this study. The addition of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GP) increased the specific volume of CSB in a dose-dependent manner, and the specific volume of CSB-2 was 2.55 mL/g. GP also contributed to the increase in hardness (from 1240.17 to 2539.34 g) and chewiness (893.85 to 1959.27 g) of fresh CSB. In addition, GP could maintain the integrity of the protein network within the CSB. The scores for sensory evaluation indicators of CSB-1 were relatively balanced. More importantly, the addition of GP altered starch digestive properties, and the content of the resistant starch (RS) was increased from 8.62 (CSB-0) to 43.46% (CSB-2). GP led to a significant reduction of the expected glycemic index (eGI) of CSB, and the eGI of CSB was decreased from 97.50 (CSB-0) to 73.8 (CSB-2), which was classified as a medium-GI (MGI) food. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) revealed the addition of GP delayed the staling of CSB during storage. In general, adding the proper amount of GP could improve the quality of CSB and show the potential as a functional component of CSB to reduce the postprandial blood glucose level resulted by the CSB

The Functional Components of By-Product Resources from the Aerial Parts of <i>Polygonatum cyrtonema</i> Hua

The rhizome of Polygonatum, which has been consumed in China for nearly 2000 years, is rich in oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, saponins, and alkaloids and has various effects such as lowering blood sugar and anti-aging. Its aerial parts are often discarded as by-products and have been rarely studied; moreover, the nutritional composition and carbohydrate composition of these parts are not clear. In this study, the nutritional composition, amino acid evaluation, and the total phenolics content of the leaves, stems, fruits, and flowers of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua were analyzed, and the composition and content of carbohydrates were determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC–PAD). The results suggested that the leaves and flowers of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (PC) contained 1.12–1.37% phenolic substances. The proteins of the aerial parts had high nutritional values, and the total amino acid content of the leaves and flowers, with the total leaf amino acids amounting to 11.77%, were followed by the flowers at 11.65%. The sugars in the flowers were mainly free monosaccharides at 10.38%, and the fruits were dominated by 9.44% fructo-oligosaccharides. This study provided new evidence for the utilization of the aerial parts of Polygonatum.</i

Pectin from Citrus Canning Wastewater as Potential Fat Replacer in Ice Cream

Pectin had been recovered from canning wastewater produced by chemical treatment of segment membrane during preparation of canned citrus in our previous research. The purpose of this study was to characterize the extracted pectin from canning wastewater, and to evaluate its application as a fat alternative to replace fat in ice cream. The monosaccharide composition and rheological properties of the pectin were determined. The influences of fat reduction and pectin addition on the physicochemical, rheological and sensory properties of low-fat ice cream were determined. The rheological results showed that pectin solutions were typical pseudoplastic fluids. The addition of pectin in ice cream can cause an increase in viscosity, overrun, and hardness, and a decrease in meltdown of the ice cream. When 0.72% pectin (w/w) is incorporated into ice cream, a prototype product of ice cream with 45% lower fat content compared to the control was made. Results indicated that their qualities such as appearance, flavor, and taste were not significantly different. The low-fat ice cream had higher smoothness scores and lower mouth-coating scores. Hence, pectin extracted from citrus canning wastewater can be potentially used as fat replacer in ice cream, which benefits both the environment and the food industry

Discrimination of Aroma Characteristics for Cubeb Berries by Sensomics Approach with Chemometrics

The dried cubeb berries are widely used as medicinal herb and spicy condiment with special flavor. However, there is a significant definition discrepancy for cubeb berries. In this study, an efficient analytical method to characterize and discriminate two popular cubeb fruits (Litsea cubeba and Piper cubeba) was established. The aroma profiles of cubeb berries were evaluated by different extraction methods including hydro-distillation, simultaneous distillation/extraction, and solid-phase micro-extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O). In total, 90 volatile compounds were identified by HD, SDE, and SPME combined with GC-MS. Principal component analysis was further applied and discriminated ambiguous cubeb berries by their unique aromas: Litsea cubeba was characterized by higher level of d-limonene (&ldquo;fruit, citrus&rdquo;), citral (&ldquo;fruit, lemon&rdquo;) and dodecanoic acid; &alpha;-cubebene (&ldquo;herb&rdquo;) was identified as a marker compound for Piper cubeba with higher camphor (&ldquo;camphoraceous&rdquo;), and linalool (&ldquo;flower&rdquo;). Flavor fingerprint combined with PCA could be applied as a promising method for identification of cubeb fruits and quality control for food and medicinal industries