60,845 research outputs found
Multi-copy and stochastic transformation of multipartite pure states
Characterizing the transformation and classification of multipartite
entangled states is a basic problem in quantum information. We study the
problem under two most common environments, local operations and classical
communications (LOCC), stochastic LOCC and two more general environments,
multi-copy LOCC (MCLOCC) and multi-copy SLOCC (MCSLOCC). We show that two
transformable multipartite states under LOCC or SLOCC are also transformable
under MCLOCC and MCSLOCC. What's more, these two environments are equivalent in
the sense that two transformable states under MCLOCC are also transformable
under MCSLOCC, and vice versa. Based on these environments we classify the
multipartite pure states into a few inequivalent sets and orbits, between which
we build the partial order to decide their transformation. In particular, we
investigate the structure of SLOCC-equivalent states in terms of tensor rank,
which is known as the generalized Schmidt rank. Given the tensor rank, we show
that GHZ states can be used to generate all states with a smaller or equivalent
tensor rank under SLOCC, and all reduced separable states with a cardinality
smaller or equivalent than the tensor rank under LOCC. Using these concepts, we
extended the concept of "maximally entangled state" in the multi-partite
system.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, revised version according to colleagues' comment
The longitudinal interplay between negative and positive symptom trajectories in patients under antipsychotic treatment: a post hoc analysis of data from a randomized, 1-year pragmatic trial
BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a highly heterogeneous disorder with positive and negative symptoms being characteristic manifestations of the disease. While these two symptom domains are usually construed as distinct and orthogonal, little is known about the longitudinal pattern of negative symptoms and their linkage with the positive symptoms. This study assessed the temporal interplay between these two symptom domains and evaluated whether the improvements in these symptoms were inversely correlated or independent with each other. METHODS: This post hoc analysis used data from a multicenter, randomized, open-label, 1-year pragmatic trial of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder who were treated with first- and second-generation antipsychotics in the usual clinical settings. Data from all treatment groups were pooled resulting in 399 patients with complete data on both the negative and positive subscale scores from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Individual-based growth mixture modeling combined with interplay matrix was used to identify the latent trajectory patterns in terms of both the negative and positive symptoms. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationship between the changes of these two symptom domains within each combined trajectory pattern. RESULTS: We identified four distinct negative symptom trajectories and three positive symptom trajectories. The trajectory matrix formed 11 combined trajectory patterns, which evidenced that negative and positive symptom trajectories moved generally in parallel. Correlation coefficients for changes in negative and positive symptom subscale scores were positive and statistically significant (P < 0.05). Overall, the combined trajectories indicated three major distinct patterns: (1) dramatic and sustained early improvement in both negative and positive symptoms (n = 70, 18%), (2) mild and sustained improvement in negative and positive symptoms (n = 237, 59%), and (3) no improvement in either negative or positive symptoms (n = 82, 21%). CONCLUSIONS: This study of symptom trajectories over 1 year shows that changes in negative and positive symptoms were neither inversely nor independently related with each other. The positive association between these two symptom domains supports the notion that different symptom domains in schizophrenia may depend on each other through a unified upstream pathological disease process
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Combinatorial Pharyngeal Taste Coding for Feeding Avoidance in Adult Drosophila.
Taste drives appropriate food preference and intake. In Drosophila, taste neurons are housed in both external and internal organs, but the latter have been relatively underexplored. Here, we report that Poxn mutants with a minimal taste system of pharyngeal neurons can avoid many aversive tastants, including bitter compounds, acid, and salt, suggesting that pharyngeal taste is sufficient for rejecting intake of aversive compounds. Optogenetic activation of selected pharyngeal bitter neurons during feeding events elicits changes in feeding parameters that can suppress intake. Functional dissection experiments indicate that multiple classes of pharyngeal neurons are involved in achieving behavioral avoidance, by virtue of being inhibited or activated by aversive tastants. Tracing second-order pharyngeal circuits reveals two main relay centers for processing pharyngeal taste inputs. Together, our results suggest that the pharynx can control the ingestion of harmful compounds by integrating taste input from different classes of pharyngeal neurons
The Unusual Spectral Energy Distribution of a Galaxy Previously Reported to be at Redshift 6.68
Observations of distant galaxies are important both for understanding how
galaxies form and for probing the physical conditions of the universe at the
earliest epochs. It is, however, extremely difficult to identify galaxies at
redshift z>5, because these galaxies are faint and exhibit few spectral
features. In a previous work, we presented observations that supported the
identification of a galaxy at redshift z = 6.68 in a deep STIS field. Here we
present new ground-based photometry of the galaxy. We find that the galaxy
exhibits moderate detections of flux in the optical B and V images that are
inconsistent with the expected absence of flux at wavelength shortward of the
redshifted Lyman-alpha emission line of a galaxy at redshift z>5. In addition,
the new broad-band imaging data not only show flux measurements of this galaxy
that are incompatible with the previous STIS measurement, but also suggest a
peculiar spectral energy distribution that cannot be fit with any galaxy
spectral template at any redshift. We therefore conclude that the redshift
identification of this galaxy remains undetermined.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures; To appear in Nature (30 November 2000
The Effects of Narrative Online Advertising on Attitude and Purchase Intention
This study examines the effects of narrative online advertising on a consumer’s attitude toward a product and his/her purchase intention, and the moderating effects of advertising, product and purchase involvement on the (aforementioned) relationships. The results indicate that the four narrative online advertising elements (interactivity, vividness, entertainment, self-referencing) have a positive effect on attitude (interactivity and entertainment did not), and attitude has a positive effect on purchase intention. The former relationship is positively moderated (enhanced) by advertising involvement but on only vividness and self-referencing while the latter by only product involvement. The data do not support purchase involvement as a moderator
Exploring Compressed Image Representation as a Perceptual Proxy: A Study
We propose an end-to-end learned image compression codec wherein the analysis
transform is jointly trained with an object classification task. This study
affirms that the compressed latent representation can predict human perceptual
distance judgments with an accuracy comparable to a custom-tailored DNN-based
quality metric. We further investigate various neural encoders and demonstrate
the effectiveness of employing the analysis transform as a perceptual loss
network for image tasks beyond quality judgments. Our experiments show that the
off-the-shelf neural encoder proves proficient in perceptual modeling without
needing an additional VGG network. We expect this research to serve as a
valuable reference developing of a semantic-aware and coding-efficient neural
encoder
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