NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FRAME STRUCTURE ON SHALLOW FOUNDATION WITH EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE (EPS)

For the past 30 years, applications of expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam have been proposed. Several studies have examined the behavior of geofoam and produced beneficial results in the evolution of its application. One of application ofexpanded polystyrene can be used laid under the grade beam or slab. Meanwhile some of existing structure were suported by shallow foundation. Thus when EPS applied beneath shallow foundation to be alternative design, EPS supposed reduce theseismic response of structure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the seismic response of structure numerically due to application of EPS applied beneath the shallow foundation. In this study, the D7S2 finite element program was adopted toinvestigate the seismic response of structure due to apllication of EPS applied beneath the shallow foundation subjected to the earthquake motion. Verification and validation of the program was conducted by comparing the results to the shaking tabletest results. A series of parametric study is conducted including the interface element and the variations of size of EPS. The use of EPS underneath shallow foundation do not show the correlation with the seismic response of structure if there is no interface element constructed. Variation of EPS size used were contributed to the acceleration and displacement of  structure with shallow foundation. As the larger size of EPS applied, the larger reduction of seismic responses will be obtained

Correlation between pathogenic determinants associated with clinically isolated non-typhoidal Salmonella

Non-typhoidal and Typhoidal Salmonella are bacterial pathogens source of worldwide and major disease burden. Virulent determinants of specific serovars belonging to non-typhoidal Salmonella have been extensively studied in different models, yet the pathogenesis of this group of bacteria and the development of clinical symptoms globally remains underexplored. Herein, we implemented microbiological and molecular procedures to investigate isolate virulence traits and molecular diversity, likely in association with disease severity. Our results show that selected clinical isolates from a tertiary referring hospital, depending on the richness of the environment and isolate serotypes, exhibited different, and sometimes controversial, virulence properties. The tested strains were susceptible to Ceftriaxone (90%) with decreasing reactivity to Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole (72%), Chloramphenicol (64%), Ampicillin (48%), Gentamicin (44%), and Ciprofloxacin (2%). Disc susceptibility results partially correlated with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); however, special attention must be given to antimicrobial treatment, as a rise in multi-resistant isolates to Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole (2/38 µg/mL), Minocycline (8 µg/mL) and Ampicillin (16 µg/mL) has been noticed, with two isolates resistant to Ceftazidime (16 µg/mL). By comparison to previous molecular epidemiology studies, the variation in the gene profiles of endemic pathogens supports the need for continuous and up-to-date microbiological and molecular reports