THE DESIGN MODEL OF MICRO END-MILLS MADE BY USING THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

The green processing technology has been brought to the focus of attention around the world. The development and application of green cutting depend on the machine and cutting tool technology progress, in so far as the development of cutting tool technology has quite a big influence. The study was focused on the simulation analysis model for micro milling SKD61 tool steel developed by the finite element method. First, because the impact of the effective rake angle on the oblique cutting model is equivalent to that of the rake angle on the orthogonal cut model, the complex tool geometry of an end-mill will be simplified to the orthogonal cutting model. Using the Taguchi method, the FEM simulation of orthogonal cutting operation was performed under different cutting speeds, cutting depths, effective rake angles and relief angles were modified. The cutting force, tool maximum temperature, tool maximum temperature and tip distance, and the contact length of tool and chip are the major performance indexes of micro milling process. Finally, the multiple cutting performance characteristic resulting from the grey relational analysis reveals that the influencing priority ranks for micro end-mills made of SKD61 tool steel are cutting speed, effective rake angle, relief angle, and cutting depth. The FEM model is suitable for simulating the cutting performance of micro cutting process, and can also be used as a design base for micro endmills

PQCD approach to exclusive B decays

I review the recent progress on the perturbative QCD approach to exclusive $B$ meson decays, discussing the comparison of collinear and $k_T$ factorizations, the CP asymmetry in the $B^0\to\pi^+\pi^-$ decay, penguin enhancement, the branching ratio of the $B^0\to D^0\pi^0$ decay, and three-body nonleptonic decays.Comment: 11 pages, based on talks presented at Flavor Physics and CP Violation, Philadelphia, USA, May 2002, at the 3rd Workshop on Higher Luminosity B Factories, Kanagawa, Japan, Aug. 2002, and at Summer Institute 2002, Yamanashi, Japan, Aug. 200

Differentiation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease-Infected pigs from Vaccinated Pigs Using Antibody-Detecting Sandwich ELISA

The presence of serum antibodies for nonstructural proteins of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can differentiate FMDV-infected animals from vaccinated animals. In this study, a sandwich ELISA was developed for rapid detection of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) antibodies; it was based on an Escherichia coli-expressed, highly conserved region of the 3ABC nonstructural protein of the FMDV O/TW/99 strain and a monoclonal antibody derived from the expressed protein. The diagnostic sensitivity of the assay was 98.4%, and the diagnostic specificity was 100% for naïve and vaccinated pigs; the detection ability of the assay was comparable those of the PrioCHECK and UBI kits. There was 97.5, 93.4 and 66.6% agreement between the results obtained from our ELISA and those obtained from the PrioCHECK, UBI and CHEKIT kits, respectively. The kappa statistics were 0.95, 0.87 and 0.37, respectively. Moreover, antibodies for nonstructural proteins of the serotypes A, C, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3 were also detected in bovine sera. Furthermore, the absence of cross-reactions generated by different antibody titers against the swine vesicular disease virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was also highlighted in this assay's specificit

LD2SNPing: linkage disequilibrium plotter and RFLP enzyme mining for tag SNPs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping is commonly used to evaluate markers for genome-wide association studies. Most types of LD software focus strictly on LD analysis and visualization, but lack supporting services for genotyping.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We developed a freeware called LD₂SNPing, which provides a complete package of mining tools for genotyping and LD analysis environments. The software provides SNP ID- and gene-centric online retrievals for SNP information and tag SNP selection from dbSNP/NCBI and HapMap, respectively. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) enzyme information for SNP genotype is available to all SNP IDs and tag SNPs. Single and multiple SNP inputs are possible in order to perform LD analysis by online retrieval from HapMap and NCBI. An LD statistics section provides <it>D</it>, <it>D'</it>, <it>r</it>², <it>δ</it>_<it>Q</it>, <it>ρ</it>, and the <it>P </it>values of the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium for each SNP marker, and Chi-square and likelihood-ratio tests for the pair-wise association of two SNPs in LD calculation. Finally, 2D and 3D plots, as well as plain-text output of the results, can be selected.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>LD₂SNPing thus provides a novel visualization environment for multiple SNP input, which facilitates SNP association studies. The software, user manual, and tutorial are freely available at <url>http://bio.kuas.edu.tw/LD2NPing</url>.</p

De novo malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the kidney

The kidney is a relatively infrequent site for solitary fibrous tumor (SFT). Among the previously reported cases, only two cases of malignant renal SFT developing via dedifferentiation from a pre-existing benign SFT have been reported. Here we reported a case of de novo malignant renal SFT clinically diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma in a 50-year-old woman. The tumor was circumscribed but unencapsulated and showed obvious hemorrhagic necrosis. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of patternless sheets of alternating hypercellular and hypocellular areas of spindle cells displaying mild to moderate nuclear atypia, frequent mitoses up to 8 per 10 high power fields, and a 20% Ki-67 proliferative index. Immunohistochemical studies revealed reactivity for CD34, CD99 and vimentin, with no staining for all other markers, confirming the diagnosis of SFT. No areas of dedifferentiation were seen after extensive sampling. Based on the pathologic and immunohistochemical features, a diagnosis of de novo malignant renal SFT was warranted. Our report expands the spectrum of malignant progression in renal SFTs. Even though this patient has been disease-free for 30 months, long-term follow-up is still mandatory