Design Challenges of Intra- and Inter- Chiplet Interconnection

In a chiplet-based many-core system, intra- and inter- chiplet interconnection is key to system performance and power consumption. There are a few challenges in intra- and inter- chiplet interconnection network: 1) Fast and accurate simulation is necessary to analyze the performance metrics. 2) Efficient network architecture for inter- and intra- chiplet is necessary, including topology, PHY design and deadlock free routing algorithms, etc. 3) Deep learning based AI systems are demanding more computation power, which calls for the need of efficient and low power chiplet-based systems. This paper proposes network designs to address these challenges and provides future research directions

Identification of trunk mutations in gastric carcinoma: a case study

Abstract Background Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) poses an urgent challenge for cancer precision medicine because it can cause drug resistance against cancer target therapy and immunotherapy. The search for trunk mutations that are present in all cancer cells is therefore critical for each patient. Case presentation In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of multiregional sequencing for the identification of trunk mutations present in all regions of a tumor as a case study. We applied multiregional whole-exome sequencing (WES) to investigate the genetic heterogeneity and homogeneity of a case of gastric carcinoma. Approximately 83% of common missense mutations present in two samples and approximately 89% of common missense mutations present in three samples were trunk mutations. Notably, trunk mutations appeared to have higher variant allele frequencies (VAFs) than non-trunk mutations. Conclusions Our results indicate that small-scale multiregional sampling and subsequent screening of low VAF somatic mutations might be a cost-effective strategy for identifying the majority of trunk mutations in gastric carcinoma

Additional file 1: of Identification of trunk mutations in gastric carcinoma: a case study

List of simple somatic mutations across all six regions of the tumor, including SNVs and small INDELs. (XLSX 123 kb

Additional file 2: of Identification of trunk mutations in gastric carcinoma: a case study

Supplementary Table S1, S2, S3. (DOCX 23.5 kb

Additional file 5: of Identification of trunk mutations in gastric carcinoma: a case study

Function annotation tables of 160 mutated genes, including Interpro, Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG pathway, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) according to the DAVID Bioinformatics Resources. (XLSX 57 kb