Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Graphene Electron Extraction Layer

This work aims to improve the conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by introducing a new material, graphene, into the DSSC structure. Graphene is a potential material for many applications due to their high electron mobility, outstanding optical properties, and thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability. Therefore, this study changes several parameters, structures, and methods to optimize and compare with the traditional DSSCs. There are three major respects about with or without graphene, the method of plating or sputtering, and the structure of graphene/TiO2 or TiO2/graphene/TiO2 in DSSCs solar cells. Finally, this research knows that the method of sputtering is much better than plating; the conversion efficiency of solar energy with graphene/TiO2 was increased from 1.45 % to 3.98 %, and the conversion efficiency with TiO2/graphene/TiO2 sandwich structure was increased from 1.38 % to 3.93 %. It means that the new material, graphene, works in enhancing the conversion efficiency of DSSCs

ZnO-Based Electron Transporting Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells

Recently, organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite materials, APbX3 (A = CH3NH3 or HC(NH2)2; X = I, Br or Cl), have attracted much interest for their promising application in solar cells as the light-absorbing component to their broad spectral absorption, strong light-harvesting and long exciton diffusion length. The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can reduce the production costs and achieve high power conversion efficiency significantly compared to standard silicon cells and other thin film cells. On the other hand, ZnO based materials have been recently investigated in the PSCs devices as electron injection layers for low-temperature, low-cost and flexible devices. This chapter aims to review PSCs using ZnO materials as electron extraction layers. We will discuss the electron transmission and effect of the electron-transporting layer in PSCs and the preparation method of the ZnO. ZnO is a potential material for many applications due to their high electron mobility, transparent and various nanostructure. The ZnO was introduced into the PSCs structure to improve electron extraction efficiency. This chapter summaries the effect and parameters of PSCs based on the ZnO layer/nanostructure prepared by several methods as electron transport layers

Tactical Requirements Enforcing Ability Analysis of Different WeaponManipulators for Military Unmanned Ground Vehicles

It is an important work to design a weapon manipulator to satisfy the tactical needs for the militaryunmanned ground vehicles (MUGV). In this work, the RRR and 6-SPS mechanisms are proposed to designa weapon manipulator. The design factors for the weapon manipulator to satisfy the tactical needs are alsodiscussed. According to the direct and inverse position analysis methods, the workspace analysis results showthat these two mechanisms have better performances in satisfying the tactical needs than the RR and RPRmechanisms. The gradability performance is also discussed to verify that the proposed mechanisms can achievea good performance. The analysis results can provide a reference resource for designers to design a weaponmanipulator for MUGV.Defence Science Journal, 2008, 58(5), pp.664-677, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.58.169

Low Dark Current Mesa-Type AlGaN Flame Detectors

This study characterizes and reports on the fabrication process of AlGaN flame photodetectors with an Al0.1Ga0.9N/GaN superlattice structure. The AlGaN flame photodetectors exhibited a low dark current (∼1.17×10−10 A at bias of −5 V) and large rejection ratio of photocurrent (∼2.14×10−5 A at bias of -5 V) to dark current, which is greater than five orders of magnitude. Responsivity at 350 nm at a bias of -5 V was 0.194 A/W. Quantum efficiency, η, was 0.687 at a reverse bias of 5 V

Fabrication of GaN-Based White Light-Emitting Diodes on Yttrium Aluminum Garnet-Polydimethylsiloxane Flexible Substrates

This study concerns the characteristics of white GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) on flexible substrates. The thin film GaN-based blue LEDs were directly transferred from sapphire onto the flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates by laser lift-off (LLO) process. The PDMS substrates were incorporated 10–40% cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet phosphor, YAG:Ce3+, and formed the GaN-based white LEDs. The white LEDs prepared by the GaN-based LEDs on the YAG-PDMS substrates reveal one peak at 470 nm corresponding to the emission of the GaN-based LED and a broadband included five weak peaks caused by YAG:Ce3+ phosphors

Study of Ruthenium Complex Sensitizer and Gold Nanoparticles Doped Flexible Organic Solar Cells

This work presents a flexible organic solar cell with a structure for ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM + ruthenium complex sensitizer and Au nanoparticles on a flexible substrate. The process and thickness of the PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer and P3HT:PCBM active layer were optimized. A ruthenium complex sensitizer and Au nanoparticles were then introduced into the P3HT:PCBM active layer to improve the performance of solar cells. For the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM + ruthenium complex sensitizer and Au nanoparticles structure on a flexible polyimide (PI) substrate under 0.1 and 1 sun conditions, the measured short-circuit current density (J sc ), open-circuit voltage (V oc ), fill factor (FF), and efficiency (η) are 3.89 and 9.67 mA/cm 2 , 0.45 and 0.45 V, 0.266 and 0.232, and 4.65 and 1.01%, respectively

Study of Ruthenium Complex Sensitizer and Gold Nanoparticles Doped Flexible Organic Solar Cells

This work presents a flexible organic solar cell with a structure for ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM+ruthenium complex sensitizer and Au nanoparticles on a flexible substrate. The process and thickness of the PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer and P3HT:PCBM active layer were optimized. A ruthenium complex sensitizer and Au nanoparticles were then introduced into the P3HT:PCBM active layer to improve the performance of solar cells. For the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM+ruthenium complex sensitizer and Au nanoparticles structure on a flexible polyimide (PI) substrate under 0.1 and 1 sun conditions, the measured short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and efficiency (η) are 3.89 and 9.67 mA/cm2, 0.45 and 0.45 V, 0.266 and 0.232, and 4.65 and 1.01%, respectively