434 research outputs found
Contact interactions in low scale string models with intersecting -branes
We evaluate the tree level four fermion string amplitudes in the TeV string
mass scale models with intersecting -branes. The coefficient functions of
contact interactions subsuming the contributions of string Regge resonance and
winding mode excitations are obtained by subtracting out the contributions from
the string massless and massive momentum modes. Numerical applications are
developed for the Standard Model like solution of Cremades, Ibanez, and
Marchesano for a toroidal orientifold with four intersecting -brane stacks.
The chirality conserving contact interactions of the quarks and leptons are
considered in applications to high energy collider and flavor changing neutral
current phenomenology. The two main free parameters consist of the string and
compactification mass scales, and . Useful constraints on these
parameters are derived from predictions for the Bhabha scattering differential
cross section and for the observables associated to the mass shifts of the
neutral meson systems and the lepton number
violating three-body leptonic decays of the charged leptons and .Comment: 34 pages, 7 figure
Two-pion-exchange parity-violating potential and
We calculate the parity-violating nucleon-nucleon potential in heavy-baryon
chiral perturbation theory up to the next-to-next-to-leading order. The
one-pion exchange comes in the leading order and the next-to-next-to-leading
order consists of two-pion-exchange and the two-nucleon contact terms. In order
to investigate the effect of the higher order contributions, we calculate the
parity-violating asymmetry in at the threshold. The
one-pion dominates the physical observable and the two-pion contribution is
about or less than 10% of the one-pion contribution.Comment: 3 pages, contribution to the workshop PAVI06 held in Milos island,
Greece, May 16-20, 200
Nonminimal supersymmetric standard model with lepton number violation
We carry out a detailed analysis of the nonminimal supersymmetric standard
model with lepton number violation. The model contains a unique trilinear
lepton number violating term in the superpotential which can give rise to
neutrino masses at the tree level. We search for the gauged discrete symmetries
realized by cyclic groups which preserve the structure of the associated
trilinear superpotential of this model, and which satisfy the constraints of
the anomaly cancellation. The implications of this trilinear lepton number
violating term in the superpotential and the associated soft supersymmetry
breaking term on the phenomenology of the light neutrino masses and mixing is
studied in detail. We evaluate the tree and loop level contributions to the
neutrino mass matrix in this model. We search for possible suppression
mechanism which could explain large hierarchies and maximal mixing angles.Comment: Latex file, 43 pages, 2 figure
Nucleon decay in gauge unified models with intersecting D6-branes
Baryon number violation is discussed in gauge unified orbifold models of type
II string theory with intersecting Dirichlet branes. We consider setups of
D6-branes which extend along the flat Minkowski space-time directions and wrap
around 3-cycles of the internal 6-d manifold. The discussion is motivated by
the enhancement effect of low energy amplitudes anticipated for M-theory and
type II string theory models with matter modes localized at points of the
internal manifold. The conformal field theory formalism is used to evaluate the
open string amplitudes at tree level. We study the single baryon number
violating processes of dimension 6 and 5, involving four quarks and leptons and
in supersymmetry models, two pairs of matter fermions and superpartner
sfermions. The higher order processes associated with the baryon number
violating operators of dimension 7 and 9 are also examined, but in a
qualitative way. We discuss the low energy representation of string theory
amplitudes in terms of infinite series of poles associated to exchange of
string Regge resonance and compactification modes. The comparison of string
amplitudes with the equivalent field theory amplitudes is first studied in the
large compactification radius limit. Proceeding next to the finite
compactification radius case, we present a numerical study of the ratio of
string to field theory amplitudes based on semi-realistic gauge unified
non-supersymmetric and supersymmetric models employing the Z3 and Z2xZ2
orbifolds. We find a moderate enhancement of string amplitudes which becomes
manifest in the regime where the gauge symmetry breaking mass parameter exceeds
the compactification mass parameter, corresponding to a gauge unification in a
seven dimensional space-time.Comment: 63 pages revtex4. 8 postscript figures. 4 tables. Subsection II.B
revised. Several new references added. To appear in Physical Review
Diquarks and Exotic Spectroscopy
We propose that the recently discovered \Theta baryon is a bound state of
four quarks and an antiquark, containing two highly correlated ud-pairs. If so,
the \Theta baryon has positive parity, and it lies in an near-ideally mixed
SU(3)_{f} \mathbf{\bar{10}}_{f} oplus \mathbf{8}_{f}. The Roper resonance and
the P_{11}(1710) fit naturally into this classification. We predict an isospin
3/2 multiplet of \Xi's (S=-2) with J^{\Pi}=\half^{+} around 1750 MeV. A search
for manifestly exotic \Xi^{+} and \Xi^{--} in this mass range could provide a
sharp test of our proposal. We predict that charm and bottom analogues of the
\Theta baryon are stable against strong decays.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, revtex 4, minor corrections and revisions for
journal publicatio
Silica coatings on young Hawaiian basalts: Constraints on formation mechanism from silicon isotopes
Young basalts from Kilauea, on the big island of Hawaiâi, frequently feature visually striking, white, orange and blue
coatings, consisting of a 10-50 ÎŒm layer of amorphous silica, capped, in some cases, by a ~1 ÎŒm layer of Fe-Ti oxide [1].
The coatings provide an opportunity to study the early onset of acid-sulfate weathering, a process common to many volcanic
environments. Silicon isotopes fractionate with the precipitation of clays and opaline silica, and have been
demonstrated to be an indicator of weathering intensity [2,3]. Here we report in situ measurements of ÎŽ^(30)_Si of the silica
coatings and their implications for coating formation
Composite Skyrme Model with Vector Mesons
We study the composite Skyrme model, proposed by Cheung and G\"{u}rsey,
introducing vector mesons in a chiral Lagrangian. We calculate the static
properties of baryons and compare with results obtained from models without
vector mesons.Comment: LaTeX, 9 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Cone Genesis Tracing by the Chrnb4-EGFP Mouse Line: Evidences of Cellular Material Fusion after Cone Precursor Transplantation.
The cone function is essential to mediate high visual acuity, color vision, and daylight vision. Inherited cone dystrophies and age-related macular degeneration affect a substantial percentage of the world population. To identify and isolate the most competent cells for transplantation and integration into the retina, cone tracing during development would be an important added value. To that aim, the Chrnb4-EGFP mouse line was characterized throughout retinogenesis. It revealed a sub-population of early retinal progenitors expressing the reporter gene that is progressively restricted to mature cones during retina development. The presence of the native CHRNB4 protein was confirmed in EGFP-positive cells, and it presents a similar pattern in the human retina. Sub-retinal transplantations of distinct subpopulations of Chrnb4-EGFP-expressing cells revealed the embryonic day 15.5 high-EGFP population the most efficient cells to interact with host retinas to provoke the appearance of EGFP-positive cones in the photoreceptor layer. Importantly, transplantations into the DsRed retinas revealed material exchanges between donor and host retinas, as >80% of transplanted EGFP-positive cones also were DsRed positive. Whether this cell material fusion is of significant therapeutic advantage requires further thorough investigations. The Chrnb4-EGFP mouse line definitely opens new research perspectives in cone genesis and retina repair
Radiative Neutron-Proton Capture in Effective Chiral Lagrangians
We calculate the cross-section for the thermal
process in chiral perturbation theory to next-to-next-to-leading order using
heavy-fermion formalism. The exchange current correction is found to be
in amplitude and the chiral perturbation at one-loop order
gives the cross section \sigma_{th}^{np}=(334\pm 2)\ {\mbox mb} which is in
agreement with the experimental value (334.2\pm 0.5)\ {\mbox mb}. Together
with the axial charge transitions, this provides a strong support for the power
of chiral Lagrangians for nuclear physics.Comment: 9 pages, revtex, uses epsfig.sty, 2 uuencoded figure
Oxidative photopolymerization of thiol-terminated polysulfide resins. Application in antibacterial coatings
A UV photoinduced cross-linking of non-modified commercial poly(disulfide) resins (Thioplast) is reported via the air oxidative photocoupling of terminal thiol functions. Catalyzed by a photogenerated guanidine base (TBD), this step-growth photopolymerization is useful to maximize disulfide functions content. The mechanism proceeds through thiol deprotonation into thiolate anions, further oxidized into thiyl radicals, eventually dimerizing into disulfide cross-links. Starting with a detailed structural characterization of the thiol-terminated resin, photooxidative kinetics are studied under exposure to a polychromatic medium-pressure Hg arc using Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The effects of irradiance, film thickness, photobase concentration, resin molar mass, and content of an additional polythiol monomer (reactive diluent) have been investigated. In an effort of upscaling, irradiation under a 365 nm LED panel has enabled the fast preparation of 1.5 ÎŒm thick cross-linked poly(disulfide) coatings in a matter of minutes. Capitalizing on the ability of residual thiol groups to react with silver cations, a post-functionalization has been successfully performed, leading to films exhibiting at their surface stable thiolate-silver bonds as proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Despite the well-established biocide action of silver ions, no antibacterial action has been evidenced by confocal fluorescence microscopy because of insufficient release
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