Post-Zygotic Rescue of Meiotic Errors Causes Brain Mosaicism and Focal Epilepsy

Somatic mosaicism is a known cause of neurological disorders, including developmental brain malformations and epilepsy. Brain mosaicism is traditionally attributed to post-zygotic genetic alterations arising in fetal development. Here we describe post-zygotic rescue of meiotic errors as an alternate origin of brain mosaicism in patients with focal epilepsy who have mosaic chromosome 1q copy number gains. Genomic analysis showed evidence of an extra parentally derived chromosome 1q allele in the resected brain tissue from five of six patients. This copy number gain is observed only in patient brain tissue, but not in blood or buccal cells, and is strongly enriched in astrocytes. Astrocytes carrying chromosome 1q gains exhibit distinct gene expression signatures and hyaline inclusions, supporting a novel genetic association for astrocytic inclusions in epilepsy. Further, these data demonstrate an alternate mechanism of brain chromosomal mosaicism, with parentally derived copy number gain isolated to brain, reflecting rescue in other tissues during development

Post-zygotic Rescue of Meiotic Errors Causes Brain Mosaicism and Focal Epilepsy

Somatic mosaicism is a known cause of neurological disorders, including developmental brain malformations and epilepsy. Brain mosaicism is traditionally attributed to post-zygotic genetic alterations arising in fetal development. Here we describe post-zygotic rescue of meiotic errors as an alternate origin of brain mosaicism in patients with focal epilepsy who have mosaic chromosome 1q copy number gains. Genomic analysis showed evidence of an extra parentally derived chromosome 1q allele in the resected brain tissue from five of six patients. This copy number gain is observed only in patient brain tissue, but not in blood or buccal cells, and is strongly enriched in astrocytes. Astrocytes carrying chromosome 1q gains exhibit distinct gene expression signatures and hyaline inclusions, supporting a novel genetic association for astrocytic inclusions in epilepsy. Further, these data demonstrate an alternate mechanism of brain chromosomal mosaicism, with parentally derived copy number gain isolated to brain, reflecting rescue in other tissues during development

Influence of fibre length and denier on properties of polyester ring and air-jet spun yarns

163-168The effect of polyester fibre length and denier on hairiness, abrasion resistance, flexural rigidity, co-efficient of friction and compressional energy of air-jet and ring-spun yarns has been studied. It is observed that the yarn hand in terms of flexural rigidity and compressional energy improves by using finer fibres in air-jet yarns. Increase in fibre length decreases the yarn hairiness, abrasion damage and yarn-to-metal friction in both air-jet and ring yarns. Finer fibres decrease the hairiness and abrasion damage and increase the yarn-to-metal friction in both air-jet and ring yarns

Role of fibre properties in colour non-uniformity of dyed fabrics

296-301<span style="font-size: 15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">The variation in colour uniformity <span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">(Δ<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">E) <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">of dyed fabrics has been measured by spectrophotometer. Difference in micronaire value, maturity ratio and fluorescence have been identified as the major fibre properties which influence shade variation in dyed fabrics. A comprehensive study has been carried out to establish the limits for variation in above fibre properties of the mixing used for spinning yarns in order to maintain high level of colour uniformity in dyed fabrics. Image processing technique was employed in the study for assessing cotton fibre maturity. Fibre properties of cotton mixing for maintaining acceptable <span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">ΔE of 1 in dyed fabrics have been suggested using prediction expression connecting fibre properties with <span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Δ<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">E. <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">It has also been observed that the fabrics made out of man-made fibres exhibit shade variation after dyeing. The extent of <span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">ΔE value in these fabrics, as measured by spectrophotometer, has been found to be around 0.5. </span

Yarn quality improvement with an air-jet attachment in cone winding

289-294An air-jet nozzle for cone winding machine was designed and fabricated to decrease the hairiness of yarn and, thereby, to control the deterioration in yarn quality. Yarn quality improvement in five different counts (two carded and three combed) was studied using air- jet nozzles of three different orifice angles (30°, 45° and 60°) and three different air pressures (0.5 kg/cm2, 1.0 kg/cm2 and 1.5 kg/cm2). It has been observed that the best results are achieved with air-jet nozzle of 60° orifice angle and 1.0 kg/cm2 air pressure. Using this nozzle during winding, the hairs in ring yarn decrease by 50-75%. Hence, the use of air-jet nozzle in cone winder helps to maintain the quality of wound yarns at par with that of ring yarns

Influence of rotor speed in open-end spinning on yarn quality

164-168<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">The change in yam quality with rotor speed has been investigated for 6 different mixings made out of natural/man-made fibres. Above 40,000 rpm, polyester tends to become weaker whereas cotton, viscose and polyester blends remain unaffected up to 55,000 rpm. Evenness and imperfections deteriorate for all the fibre types as rotor speed increases. Explanations based on theoretical considerations have been offered for the observed phenomena.</span

Effect of spindle speed on end breakage and yarn quality while using lower package size

83-85<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">The effect of spindle speed on yarn quality and end breakage rate while using lower package size has been studied. It is possible to increase the spindle speed even by 20% in the case of 40s and finer counts while using lower package size which would offer a saving of Rs. 140/spindle/year. Yarn quality attributes like strength, evenness and thick places are not affected at higher spindle speeds whereas thin places, hairiness and CV of strength show a tendency to increase with spindle speed.</span

Characterization of nanomembrane using nylon-6 and nylon-6/poly (e-caprolactine) blend

211-216This study is mainly focused on characterization of nanomembrane using nylon-6 and its blend with <span style="color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-IN">poly (e- caprolactine) (PCL). Nylon-6 nanomembrane h<span style="color:black;mso-ansi-language: EN-IN">as been developed using formic acid at four different viscosity levels of 158.4, 420.8, 920.8 and 1417 cPs. Another nanomembrane of nylon<span style="color:black;mso-ansi-language: EN-IN">-6/PCL (80:20<span style="color:black;mso-ansi-language: EN-IN">) blend has also been developed using nylon-6 polymer solution viscosity of 1417 cPs at three different polymer concentrations (8<span style="color:black;mso-ansi-language: EN-IN">, 10 and<span style="color:black;mso-ansi-language: EN-IN" lang="EN-GB"> 12%) of PCL. The characterization of nanomebrane <span style="color:black;mso-ansi-language: EN-IN">is done using scanning electron microscope and Fourier transformed infrared. It is observed that the nanomebrane of 80:20 blend ratio of nylon-6/PCL at 1417 cPs <span style="color: black;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN">nylon-6 viscosity and 12 % concentration of PCL produces uniform fibre structure. </span

Performance of man-made fibres in rotor spinning system

133-136<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">A comprehensive study to assess the suitability of rotor spinning system for man-made fibres (MMF) and their blends has been carried out. OE yarns from MMF have been found 30-35% weaker than their ring counterparts. While the evenness is better for MMF rotor-spun yarns, the various imperfection sare also less in MMF yarns by 15-20%.</span

Influence of wire point density in cards and combers on neps in sliver and yarn quality

9-15Card slivers were produced from two Indian cottons of micronaire values 2.7 and 3.1 in a 4th generation card using flat tops of five different wire point densities and spun into 80s and 100s combed yarns. Card sliver neps as well as imperfections in the corresponding yarn samples produced using those slivers were estimated. Conducting trials were also carried out using cylinder wires, flat tops and combing segments of variable density. Cylinder wires of variable density in card reduce sliver and yarn nep content by about 35%. Combing segments with 4 partitions in comber produce slivers and yarns with about 25% lower neps as compared to combing segments of 2 partitions. </span