Genic diversity of natural populations of a clone forming tree Populus tremuloides

Effects of asexual reproduction as a primary reproductive strategy on population structure and levels of variability were investigated electrophoretically in natural populations of a woody plant species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), from Alberta. As expected, levels of genic diversity, 42%, and proportion of polymorphic loci, 92%, averaged over all clones are considerably greater than those reported for comparable samples of sexually reproducing plant and animal species. These measures of genic variability of a primarily asexual plant species are similar to those reported for asexual species of insects, fish and bacteria. In addition, each of the 222 clones was electrophoretically unique. Since neutral theory would predict each individual clone to be heterozygous for a unique mutation at each gene locus at equilibrium, these results can be interpreted in a number of ways: (i) insufficient time to reach equilibrium, (ii) inability of electrophoresis to detect all variation at a locus, (iii) periodic establishment of sexually derived propagules in the population, and (iv) selection for similar genotypes at each location or against mutations at particular gene loci. Re-invasion of Pleistocene-glaciated areas by trembling aspen likely was by sexual means, with subsequent reproduction being primarily asexual.</jats:p