Challenges and Opportunities of Public Diplomacy in Ethio-Egyptian Relations on the Nile Water: Since 2011

The central objective of the study is to explore the Challenges and Opportunities of Public Diplomacy in Ethio-Egyptian Relations on the Nile Water since 2011. To this end, the researcher has employed the pure qualitative method. The data are mainly obtained from secondary sources and unstructured interviews, and the researcher has employed qualitative methods of narrative and discourse data analysis. The bilateral relations between Ethiopia and Egypt mainly found on the Nile issue. Thus, Egypt dispatched the first public diplomacy delegation to Ethiopia in April 2011 and the Ethiopian public diplomacy delegation to Egypt in December, 2014 represents a new positive development in the Ethio-Egyptian relations. Based on the data, the study outlined: the legacy of colonialism and the status quo attitudes; deficient in understanding about public diplomacy; finance and time limitations; and Limitations of public diplomacy professionals and literatures are the major obstacles of conducting public diplomacy. Whereas, a method of resolving the mistrusts and conflicts; modifying negative attitudes; avoiding one side role of politicians and medias; and facilitate to have common agreement or treaties are the major opportunities of public diplomacy. Thus, to conclude that, there is an encouraging start which gives rise to optimism and Public diplomacy most importantly improves these problems in the relations between the two countries and thereby could boost up the mutual utilization of the Nile water with trusts and confidences. Following this conclusion, the study suggests that Ethiopia and Egypt should work hard to build trusts and confidences for mutual utilization of the Nile water by strengthening the two people’s relations via consolidating the public diplomacy roles, goals, and dimensions with having its own legal status, budgets, literature, professionals and coordination departments in their Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Keywords: Public Diplomacy, Soft Power, Ethiopia, Egypt, Nile, Mutual, Qualitative, Narrative, Discourse, Optimis

Political Security in Ethiopia: Situations and Legal Contests

Political security is the main integral component of human security and which is referring to the prevention of government repression, systematic violation of human rights and threats from militarization. Ethiopia has endorsed human rights from UDHR and by its FDRE, (1995) constitution in which such rights are accounts one third of the contents of the constitutions. The paper was aimed at examining the situations of political security and its challenge from legal perspective. It was investigated through qualitative research approach, secondary sources of data were highly employed, the time framed focused since 2005. According to the finding of the research the political security situations of Ethiopia characterized by torture and ill-treatment, political repression and enforced disappearances which are made by legal and institutional mechanisms by declaring different proclamations like Antiterrorism proclamation (ATP), Mass Media Proclamation (MMP), and Charity and Society proclamation (CSP) which are highly prohibiting the civil liberties and political rights of citizens’ of Ethiopia. Keywords: Political security, torture, political repression, disappearance DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/72-01 Publication date:May 31st 201

Dynamics for Shifting the Ethio- Egyptian Hydro Political Relations

The foremost intent of this study was to investigate the major dynamics that are reversing in Ethio-Egyptian hydro political relations. To attain this objective the researcher employed case study design, primary and secondary sources of data, and purposive sampling techniques. Despite the fact that perpetual national interests on Egyptian Nile water policy as national security issue, dynamics are revealing in the Nile basin which fosters to shift the relations of Ethiopia and Egypt hydro political relations on Nile water. Regarding with the findings of the study relative growing power of Ethiopia, Egyptians commitments on efficient utilization of water resource, Egyptian revolution, the signing of CFA by upper stream countries, the independence of South Sudan, the launching of GERD by Ethiopian, signing of DOPS by Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt on GERD are the new political dynamics in the Nile basin which geared to shift the relation of Ethiopia and Egypt

Social effect of COVID-19: cases from North Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

The primary motivation for initiating this study is the recognition that there is a lack of geographically disaggregated information regarding the socio-economic effects of COVID-19 and thus resulted in failing to cultivate context-based prevention response and the prevailing prevention needs. Unless the key socio-economic effects of COVID 19 are known, and if there is no alignment with the spatial variation, it is impossible to plan, target, and deliver sound interventions. This study covers North Shewa Zone of Oromia region, Ethiopian. Mixed research approach with descriptive survey design has been used and systematic sampling technique was employed to select respondents proportionally from each stratum by the population size determination formal of Yemane (1967)  the sample unites were 374 respondents. The study revealed that Covid -19 has significant effect of the social networking specifically; on social assets, social gathering