ЕМГ – активність м’язів верхньої кінцівки людини при патології нервово-м’язового проведення

У дослідженні  взяли  участь 24 добровольців віком від 17 до 32 років, обʼєднані у «патологічну» (із діагностованою патологією нервово-мʼязового проведення верхньої правої кінцівки, n=8) і «здорову» (n=16) групи. В обох групах обстежуваних здійснювали послідовну реєстрацію М-відповіді abductor pollicis brevis, стимулюючи n. medianus та abductor digiti minimi під час стимуляції n. ulnaris. Аналізували амплітуду М-відповіді, резидуальну латентність (РЛ) та швидкість поширення збудження (ШПЗ). Встановлено, що амплітуда М-відповіді під час ЕМГ-стимуляції abductor pollicis brevis і abductor digiti minimi була меншою у патологічній групі порівняно з нормою. РЛ М-відповіді досліджуваних мʼязів збільшувалася із віддаленням від місця стимуляції (робочої точки мʼязів). В умовах патології спостерігали тривалішу РЛ, ніж у здорових обстежуваних. ШПЗ під час стимуляції abductor pollicis brevis була порівняно вищою у патологічній групі на ділянках лікоть-плече і зап’яток-плече, тоді як під час стимуляції abductor digiti minimi спостерігали зворотну залежність. ШПЗ на всіх ділянках, а саме запʼясток-плече і лікоть-плече, була нижчою у патологічній групі, порівняно із нормою.In many cases of a disease or an injury of the upper extremity nerve impulses are impaired. The high level of diagnostic and tactical errors in upper limb's nerve damage often leads to poor treatment outcomes. An important, and sometimes decisive, factor in the choice of treatment is the assessment of the functional state of the nerves and muscles of the affected limb segment. The purpose of this testing is to study the features of the upper limb muscles's EMG activity in normal and in the case of clinical pathology of neuromuscular transmission. 24 volunteers between the ages of 17 and 32, both male and female, with the right profile of manual asymmetry took part in the study. While dividing into groups, the presence of the diagnosted pathology of the upper right limb's neuromuscular transmission was taken into account. Accordingly, we created a "pathological" (n = 8) and "healthy" (n = 16) groups. In both groups, we sequentially recorded the M-response of the abductor pollicis brevis during stimulation of the nerve medianus as well as the M-response of the abductor digiti minimi during stimulation of the nerve ulnaris. The M-response amplitude, residual latency (RL), and excitation propagation rate (EPR) were analyzed. It has been established that the amplitudes of the M-responce during EMG stimulation of the abductor pollicis brevis and the abductor digiti minimi were lower in pathological group than tin normal. According to our results, RL of examined muscles' M-response increased with distanting away from the stimulation point (muscle's working point). In the case of pathology we observed longer RL of M-responce than in healthy testees. In the case of stimulation of the abductor pollicis brevis EPR was comparely higher on the elbow-shoulder segment and the wrist-shoulder segment in the pathological group, wereas while stimulation of the abductor digiti minimi we established inverse relationship. EPR in all segments, namely the wrist-shoulder and elbow-shoulder, was lower in the pathologic group compared to the norm

‘See us’: an urgent call to collaborate with colleagues in crisis environments around the world

This essay is written as an urgent call for collaboration. It is a provocation for academics in non-crisis environments to proactively reach out to our academic colleagues in Ukraine and other severely disrupted crisis environments around the world to work together to create and extend knowledge and understanding about interpersonal and organizational phenomena during extreme circumstances. We – those of us who are higher education practitioners living within non-crisis environments – have colleagues around the world who are navigating through fractured and uncertain contexts. They are calling out to be seen, to be heard, to be engaged and partnered with in generative and holistic ways. In this essay, we begin a conversation about potential topics for collaborative exploration in our learning and teaching spaces with the hope that they will inspire action and connection between academics living within relative peace and privilege and those living within severe disruption and crisis

Corruption in business: motives and influence on shadow economy

The paper devoted to the research of the corruption offenses in the activity of business entities which are quite a common phenomenon that causes serious moral, economic and political problems, hinders development and distorts fair competition. The purpose of the study is to reveal the distinguishing peculiarities of corruption in business to business relations and special features of the behavior of the corrupt company employee in the context of corruption influence on the level of the shadow economy of Ukraine. The differences between employment in the public and private sectors are highlighted. Analyzing relevant literature, the paper offers a model of corruption-related decision-making of an enterprise employee that takes into account all the factors that may influence a choice of involvement in the corruption offenses. The main causes of corruption in business are viewed as the competitive advantages the company can gain and the level of corruption around it. The research proves that the company can start participating in corrupt practices because many representatives of the business environment are involved in it, claiming that it is the only way to survive. The paper proves the impact of corruption on the level of shadow economy on the example of Ukraine. The essence and constituent elements of the shadow economy are revealed, as well as the negative consequences of the shadow economy, the spread of which is facilitated by corruption in the authorities and government. We proved that the higher level of corruption in the public sphere will result in a higher level of corruption inside the business environment. We proved that special attention should be given to the corruption in business relations as a sub-set of a general corruption phenomenon. The suggested by authors model of corruption-related decision making in business to business relations facilitates better understanding of the true nature of the business corruption phenomenon and development of well thought anti-corruption measures both on company and government levels