Numerical simulation of the natural, forced and mixed convection in a tunnel with a flat track of sinusoidal shape and a roof opening

In this work, we studied the mixed convection of the airflow in a tunnel open at both ends. The tunnel has a sinusoidal trace and the horizontal ceiling is provided with an opening in the center. The tunnel floor is uniformly heated. Although of interest for many industrial applications, the configuration of this study has been studied very little from an academic point of view. Coupled equations of Naiver-Stokes and energy are solved numerically by the finite volume method with the Boussinesq hypothesis. We analyzed the effect of the parameters that characterize heat transfer, and the flow structure. Several situations have been considered by varying the Richardson number (1.3610-3≤Ri≤2.17.104) for a Prandtl number Pr = 0.71

Acute febrile illness and influenza disease burden in a rural cohort dedicated to malaria in Senegal, 2012-2013

Background African populations are considered to be particularly vulnerable to fever illnesses, including malaria, and acute respiratory disease, owing to limited resources and overcrowding. However, the overall burden of influenza in this context is poorly defined and incidence data for African countries are scarce. We therefore studied the fever syndrome incidence and more specifically influenza incidence in a cohort of inhabitants of Dielmo and Ndiop in Sokone district, Senegal. Methods Daily febrile-illness data were prospectively obtained from January 2012 to December 2013 from the cohort of the villages of Dielmo and Ndiop, initially dedicated to the study of malaria. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from, and malaria diagnosis tests (thick blood smears) carried out on, every febrile individual during clinical visits; reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction was used to identify influenza viruses in the samples. Binomial negative regression analysis was used to study the relationship between the monthly incidence rate and various covariates. Results In Dielmo and Ndiop, the incidence ofmalaria has decreased, but fever syndromes remain frequent. Among the 1036 inhabitants included in the cohort, a total of 1,129 episodes of fever were reported. Influenza was present all year round with peaks in October-December 2012 and August 2013. The fever, ILI and influenza incidence density rates differed significantly between age groups. At both sites, the adjusted incidence relative risks for fever syndromes and ILI were significantly higher in the [6-24 months) than other age groups: 7.3 (95% CI: [5.7-9.3]) and 16.1 (95% CI: [11.1-23.3]) respectively. The adjusted incidence relative risk for influenza was significantly higher for the [0-6 months) than other age groups: 9.9 (95% CI: [2.9-33.6]). At both sites, incidence density rates were lowest among adults > = 50 years. Conclusions In this rural setting in Senegal, influenza was most frequent among the youngest children. Preventive strategies targeting this population should be implemented

Bis{2-amino-2-oxo-N-[(1E)-1-(pyridin-2-yl-κN)ethyl­idene]acetohydrazidato-κ2 N′,O 1}nickel(II)

In the title compound, [Ni(C9H9N4O2)2], the NiII ion is situated on a twofold rotation axis and is coordinated by two O and four N atoms from two tridentate {2-amino-2-oxo-N-[(1E)-1-(pyridin-2-yl-κN)ethyl­idene]acetohydrazidate ligands in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. In the crystal, N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into columns in [001]. The porous crystal packing is further stabilized via π–π inter­actions between the pyridine rings of neighbouring mol­ecules [centroid–centroid distance = 3.746 (3) Å] with voids of 270 Å3

Evaluation of the use of birth control followed in women's hospital regional Saint Louis (Senegal) in 2014

Background: To evaluate the use of contraceptive methods among women followed at Saint Louis Health Centre.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of all recue clients in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of the Regional Hospital of St. Louis. She ran from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014, 12 months.Results: The mean age was 28.8 years. The most common demographic characteristics were the Wolof ethnic group (64.5%), married the marital status (97.9%), they were not in school in 46.3%. The main sources of information on the use of contraception were health workers in 80.3%, friends and relatives (8.5%) followed by husbands (2.5%), the media represented 6 0% and 0.1% posters. The injection method was the most used method (42.8%) followed by implants (36.2%), pills (14.9%) and tubal ligation (4.4%). The IUD was the least used method with 1.7% of use. The main reasons given by women were spacing births (70.6%), to avoid unwanted pregnancy (3.90%), avoid early pregnancies (1.20%) and of other unspecified reasons in 24.3%. In this study, no accidental pregnancy was reported. Indeed, 79.4% of women had respected the monitoring schedule of monitoring visits. They had abandoned contraception in 23.5%.Conclusions: This study shows the achievements and shortcomings in relation to the nature and completeness of the information provided. Strengthening the awareness and training will reduce missed opportunities for family planning, and indirect; reduce the rate of unmet need for FP in our country