Effect of cissus quadrangularis linn and zingiber officinale rosc in osteoarthritis patients

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. or Zingiber officinalis Rosc. or in combination treatment of osteoarthritis which reduces joint pain, joint swelling and tenderness without risk of side effects.Methods: Total 60 patients were selected and divided into 3 groups (each group consist of 20 patients); data were collected before and after treatment of following groups: Group A-Cissus quadrangularis linn-5gm; Group B- Zingiber officinale rosc-5gm; Group C-Treatment of Cissus quadrangularis linn combined with Zingiber officinale rosc-5 gm/dose twice a day with luke warm water.Results: 60 % cases of joint pain were relieved at the end of the treatment in group B & C, in group A 50%, reduction in joint pain extremely significant in all groups A, B, C (p<0.0001). ‘C’ 80%, ‘A’ 15% and ‘B’5% reduction in symptom of Joint swelling and which is very significant in group A, and group B (p<0.001) and extremely significant in group C (p<0.0001). Symptom of tenderness ‘C’ 90%, ‘A’ 85%, and ‘B’ 10% cases were relived from the complaint. The difference in tenderness is statistically extremely significant when compared between groups (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Present study reveals that, significant reduction of joint pain, joint swelling and tenderness after treatment of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. or Zingiber officinalis Rosc. and extremely significant reduction of joint swelling and tenderness in combination therapy

Clinical and socio-demographic profile of treatment on osteoarthritis patients in Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India

Background: Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease and it is slowly progressive with signs and symptoms being pain. It is a common cause of disability affecting 60-70% of the population in the age of 60 years. It usually affects the hand, large weight bearing joints, often the knee and the hip.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in S.V Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital. Collected the data of Socio-demographic and risk factors (age, diet, history, marital status, religion, occupation etc.) during the treatment of osteoarthritis among the patients in hospital.Results: The data reveals that majority of the patients belongs to the age group of 51-60 (43.33%) and 41-50 years (33.33%) followed by 61-70years (16.66%), 31-40 years (6.66%), and 70 % of females, 30% patients were Males in present study. 90% were married 10% were widows. 63.33% of Hindu, 23.33 % were Muslims and only 13.33% were Christians. 40%, of labour, 33.33% Businessmen, 13.33% Servicemen and 13.33% House wives. 53.33% rural, 46.66% urban area. 50% were belonging to middle class while 23.33% were very poor status, 16.66% Rich only 10 % patients were from upper middle class families. 43.33% were Primary level education, 36.66% were illiterates, 10% up to Graduation, 6.66% Post-Graduation and 3.33% up to Matriculation. 63.33% mixed diet, 36.66% vegetarian.Conclusions: Present study reveals that, incidence of osteoarthritis was very high especially in elder female, married, Hindu, labour, rural area, middle class with very poor, primary education, mixed diet (vegetarian with non-vegetarian) patients.

Effect of Sesbania grandiflora Linn leaf extracts on diuresis in wistar rats

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of sesbania grandiflora linn leaf extracts on diuretic activity in wistar rats.Methods: Healthy male wistar albino rats divided into 9 groups and weighing 150-200gm.diuretic activity was expressed by Natriuretic activity, saluretic activity, carbonic anhydrase inhibition, Diuretic index or Diuretic action, saluretic index, Natriuretic index. Animalgroups are divided into: group1 treated as control, 2and 3 treated as standards, group 4, 5 and 6 treated with aqueous leaf extract of Sesbania grandiflora Linn. in different doses of 150,300,450mg/kg. Group 7,8and 9 treated with methanolic leaf extract of Sesbania grandiflora Linn. Doses of 150,300,450mg/kg.Results: No change in body weight group treated with AE-150 (p>0.05) with AE-150 (0.1%), increase in urine volume with increasing doses both with aqueous and methanolic extracts, sodium excretion with methanolic extract was high compared with the aqueous extract, significant increase in potassium excretion in both aqueous and methanolic extract treated groups.All the statistical tests were done by using SPSS version 6. The level of significance was 5% (p≤0.05).Conclusions: All the electrolytes concentration was increased in the urine, hence excluding osmotic diuretic action. Diuretic index, saluretic activity, saluretic index and natriuretic index of ME-450 were more than the value of hydrochlorothiazide hence excludes thiazide diuretic action. But these values were less than furosemide

Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of fruit of Coriandrum sativum. Linn methanolic extract in Streptozocin induced diabetic wistar Albino rats

Background: Diabetes prevalence is estimated to increase annually. Numerous people use traditional medicine, such as India also considered as the diabetic capital in the world. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by disturbances in lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. The present study to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of coriandrum sativum. linn fruits methanolic extract in streptozocin induced diabetic wistar albino rats model.Methods: Diabetes induction in wistar albino rats by administration of streptozocin (50mg/kg, i.p.) in citrate buffer. 30 wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups (A, B, C, D, E). Group A: served as normal control, whereas Group B: diabetic control, Group C, D methanolic coriandrum sativum Linn. fruits extract (CSFME) at a dose of 100, 200mg/kg orally, Group E was given standard drug Glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg) orally. All groups are administered for the period of 14 consecutive days and blood sugar levels was measured at regular intervals up to end of the study.Results: This present research study confirms that the test drug compound CSFME has sustained oral hypoglycaemic activity and statistically significant (p ≤0.05) and which is comparable with standard drug Glibenclamide.Conclusions: This research study confirms that the CSFME has antidiabetic activity against streptozocin induced wistar diabetic albino rats. It could be a novel antidiabetic agent and also a dietary adjunct in the type 2 diabetes management and its complication. Further studies are necessary required to confirm the antidiabetic activity of individual phytochemical compounds of Coriandrum sativum

Evaluation of antidiabetic potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Annona squamosa (HAEAS) leaf in alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic Albino rats

Background: Diabetes is almost growing health concern worldwide and now emerging as an epidemic world over. Recently, full attention is being paid to the study of natural products as potential antidiabetics. Objective of the study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Annona squamosa (HAEAS) plant in alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic albino rats.Methods: Almost a 30 Albino rats with 150- 200 grams weight were weighed and grouped into 5 equal groups taking 6 rats in every group. Group A served as normal control, Group B as diabetic control, received alloxan monnohydrate. Group C and D was received alloxan + HAEAS suspension at 350 and 700 mg/kg doses orally respectively, Group E was given alloxan + standard drug (Glibenclamide 5mg/kg) suspension for 28 successive days and the effect of HAEAS on blood sugar(BS) levels was measured at regular intervals. At the end portion of this investigational research study samples of blood were collected from all rats on 0day (initial), after 72 hrs and after 28th day (29thday) of given test drug HAEAS treatment for biochemical estimation of BS and the BS values were observed.Results: The present research study revealed that HAEAS leaves has antidiabetic effect against alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic rats on i.p. alloxan injection at 150mg/kg.b.w. and confirms that on i.p. alloxan injection causes a significant rise off BS in untreated albino rats when compared to control group. Diabetic rats treatment with HAEAS leaves for 28 days caused dose a dependent fall in BS values. Glibenclamide treated diabetic rats also showed a significant (P <0.00) fall in BS content after 28 days of treatment.Conclusions: This research study confirms that HAEAS leaves has shown significant antidiabetic effect at 350 and 700 mg/kg. b.w. doses in alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic rats

Antibacterial susceptible pattern of ear, nose and throat in paediatric patient infections

Background: To study the bacterial pathogens of ear, nose and throat (ENT) to determine the frequency and sensitivity pattern of ENT infections in paediatric patients.Methods: The study was conducted during the period of June 2016 to May 2017 in Kerala Medical College Hospital. A total 225 samples were collected and evaluated for microbiological investigations. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Out of 225 samples, 140 (62.22%) were found positive growth and 85 (37.77%) of samples were found negative culture. The frequency of different organisms isolated was as follows: Pseudomonas 43 (30.71%), Staphylococcus aureus 32 (22.85%), Proteus spp. 18 (12.85%) Klebsiella spp. 17 (12.14%) etc., Antibiotic susceptibility pattern gram positive bacteria were vancomycin (100%) followed by amikacin (97.14%), and in gram negative bacteria; sulbactam/ cefoperazone (97.14%), piperacillin/tazobactam (95.23%) and meropenem (94.28%) were the most effective drugs.Conclusions: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus spp. and Klebsiella spp. are the leading ENT pathogens in paediatric patients. Most of the isolates showed high resistance to cephalosporins. Showed high effectiveness to sulbactam/ cefoperazone, piperacillin/tazobactam

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts of leaf and fruit pulp of Aegle marmelos in albino rats

Background: To study the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extracts of leaf (LE) and fruit pulp (FE) of Aegle marmelos in comparison with the standard drugs pentazocine and diclofenac in albino rats. 56 healthy wistar albino rats of either sex were randomly divided into 14 groups of 4 each (n=4), weighing about 150-200grams were selected for the study. All drugs i.e. 1ml of 1% Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), pentazocine 10mg/kg (intraperitoneal), diclofenac 10 mg/kg and LE and FE at doses of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg in 1% CMC (vehicle) were administered per oral one hour before the experiment.Methods: Analgesic activity was assessed by Eddy’s hot plate method (latency time) and acetic acid induced writhing (number of writhings) method. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by carrageenan induced hind paw edema method using digital plethysmometer.Results: Test drugs at doses LE 200mg/kg and FE 200mg/kg have shown significant increase in mean latency time in Eddy’s hot plate (P 0.05).Conclusions: Leaf extract (LE) and fruit extract (FE) at doses 200mg/kg have shown significant analgesic action and no anti-inflammatory action

Evaluation of Drug Utilization Patterns during Initial Treatment in the Emergency Room: A Retroprospective Pharmacoepidemiological Study

Background. We assessed the prescribing trends, average number of drugs per prescription, and cost per prescription during the initial contact of the patient with the physician in emergency room. Methods. This retro-prospective study was conducted over a period of six months. Medical records of two hundred patients were reviewed for prescribing patterns. Results. 52 different types of drugs (996 drugs) were prescribed in total 200 prescriptions during the mean time spent in emergency room of 2.8 ± 1.4 hours. The average number of drugs per prescription was 4.2 ± 1.2. 95% of drugs were prescribed by trade name. Average drugs cost per prescription was 784 ± 134 rupees (17USD). Conclusion. Polypharmacy remains the main form of irrational prescribing. Prescribing patterns of drugs were knowledge based rather than WHO criteria for rational use of drugs

Analgesic activity of Cissus quadrangularis linn with Zingiber officinale rosc in male wistar rats

Background: The global scenario, human beings are using various forms of treatment for relief of pain; among them, medicinal plant products have gained popularity because of its wide range of use and less side effects.Methods: Adult Albino rats of either sex were selected and divided into 5 groups. The Eddy’s hot plate was used and maintained temperature (55±0.5ºC), the animals were placed on the hot plate and the time taken for paw licking or jumping was recorded and considered as nociceptive response. The reaction time was observed on 0, 30, 60, and 90 minute.Results: The hot plate reaction time in sec was collected in the intervals of 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes in all groups. Reaction times as follows: group III (Cissus quadrangularis Linn.) were 2.18±0.04, 3.13±0.05**, 5.83±0.05**, 5.39±0.04**;  Group IV (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) were 2.12±0.03, 4.13±0.04**, 7.43±0.07**, 7.16±0.06**; Group V Cissus quadrangularis Linn+ Zingiber officinale Rosc.) were 2.21±0.75, 4.67±0.98**, 8.15±0.89**, 9.02±0.75**; Group II (Dexamethasone) were 2.14±0.05, 5.53±0.05**, 8.14±0.06**, 10.08±0.10** respectively, Results are presented as mean±SEM, (n=6), *p<0.01, **p<0.05 dunnet test used as compared to control.Conclusions: Present study reveals that, the combination treatment of Zingiber officinale Rosc. + Cissus quadrangularis Linn. has been shown significant analgesic effect. High analgesic effect was observed with combination therapy; the effect was shown same as standard drug dexamethasone

Evaluation of antidiabetic potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Annona squamosa (HAEAS) leaf in alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic Albino rats

Background: Diabetes is almost growing health concern worldwide and now emerging as an epidemic world over. Recently, full attention is being paid to the study of natural products as potential antidiabetics. Objective of the study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Annona squamosa (HAEAS) plant in alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic albino rats.Methods: Almost a 30 Albino rats with 150- 200 grams weight were weighed and grouped into 5 equal groups taking 6 rats in every group. Group A served as normal control, Group B as diabetic control, received alloxan monnohydrate. Group C and D was received alloxan + HAEAS suspension at 350 and 700 mg/kg doses orally respectively, Group E was given alloxan + standard drug (Glibenclamide 5mg/kg) suspension for 28 successive days and the effect of HAEAS on blood sugar(BS) levels was measured at regular intervals. At the end portion of this investigational research study samples of blood were collected from all rats on 0day (initial), after 72 hrs and after 28th day (29thday) of given test drug HAEAS treatment for biochemical estimation of BS and the BS values were observed.Results: The present research study revealed that HAEAS leaves has antidiabetic effect against alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic rats on i.p. alloxan injection at 150mg/kg.b.w. and confirms that on i.p. alloxan injection causes a significant rise off BS in untreated albino rats when compared to control group. Diabetic rats treatment with HAEAS leaves for 28 days caused dose a dependent fall in BS values. Glibenclamide treated diabetic rats also showed a significant (P &lt;0.00) fall in BS content after 28 days of treatment.Conclusions: This research study confirms that HAEAS leaves has shown significant antidiabetic effect at 350 and 700 mg/kg. b.w. doses in alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic rats