Penilaian keberkesanan sistem kawalan pembangunan : pengalaman Jabatan Perancang Bandar, Dewan bandaraya Kuala Lumpur

The good planning and management process involves many stages of decision-making and expertise from various fields comprise with information that can be analyst specifically in qualitative or quantitative form and support strategy and action for improving information and to facilitate the adaptability of the planning system. In increasing effectiveness of development control system, town planners are require with update planning data to conduct their decision making in approving planning application. Based on this situation, integrated computerized Development Control System has been developed to assist Planning Department staff which involve with planning application process. This study will discuss an evaluation on the effectiveness of the computerized development control system being developed for the Planning and Development Control Department, City Hall of Kuala Lumpur, with emphasize on the Planning Authorization Subsystem The evaluation involves the comparison between manual practice and system application in planning permission process using Triangulation method which is a combination of 3 analyses technique to achieve the validation in the process. Based on the comparison, computerized system have been identified contain an ability to decrease time and reduce a number of staff involvement in every stage of planning process. With absorption of good urban governance concept, the systems are able to give better services to department staff and public. Generally from the study, the computerized system provide additional assistance in processing planning application compare to the manual method that currently be practice by most local authority in Malaysi

Wacana Wawancara Formal Bahasa Melayu: Satu Kajian Etnografi Komunikasi

Kajian ini memberikan tumpuan pada analisis wacana wawancara formal bahasa Melayu dengan mengaplikasikan teori etnografi komunikasi. Sesuatu unit komunikasi dapat dijelaskan dari sudut konteks dengan bantuan sistem penggolongan grid "speaking" yang membahagikan sesuatu ujaran kepada komponen-komponen tertentu. Dalam kajian ini sepuluh teks wawancara formal telah dipilih melibatkan sepuluh tokoh tempatan dalam pelbagai bidang seperti politik, akademik, ketenteraan, pentadbiran, psikiatri, menteri dan menteri besar. Setiap teks wawancara dianalisis dengan aplikasi model grid "speaking" yang dipelopori oleh Hymes (1972) dan diaplikasikan oleh tokoh-tokoh bahasa lain selepas beliau seperti Saville-Troike (1 989), Fasold (1 990), Schiffrin (1 994) dan yang akhir sekali Asmah (1 997). Kajian mendapati komponen-komponen grid "speaking" yang terdiri daripada latar (S), peserta (P), tujuan (E), urutan lakuan (A), ragam (K), alat atau saluran (I), norma-norma interaksi dan penafsiran (N) mempunyai kesan ke atas penggunaan bahasa yang digunakan oleh peserta-peserta yang terlibat dalam peristiwa bahasa wawancara. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan teori etnografi komukiasi mampu membina satu sistem keteraturan dalam pertuturan dengan mengkombinasikan sistern linguistik dan sosiolinguistik. Dalam ha1 ini, etnografi komunikasi telah berjaya memperjelaskan fungsi dan hakikat bahasa sebagai sebahagian daripada falsafah dan pemikiran bahasa. Dalam kajian ini juga didapati ciri-ciri penutur atau peserta yang mengambil bahagian dalam setiap wawancara dan ciri-ciri konteksnya memainkan peranan p enting d alam penganalisisan setiap ujaran. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini mendapati cara-cara ujaran dapat ditakrifkan untuk menepati konteks sosial yang saling berinteraksi dalam komunikasi, menjangkau pengetahuan tentang rumus-rumus penggunaan bahasa dan menekankan aspek makna dan fungsi bahasa dalam penggunaan menurut situasi dan konteks

Determination of extra virgin olive oil in quaternary mixture using FTIR spectroscopy and multivariate calibration.

The purpose of this study was to optimize Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with multivariate calibrations (partial least square and principle component regression) for determination of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in quaternary mixture systems with grape seed oil (GSO), rice bran oil (RBO) and walnut oil (WO). FTIR spectra of EVOO in quaternary mixtures were subjected to several treatments including mean centering (MC), standard normal variate, and spectra derivatives. The combined frequency regions of 1200–900 and 2949–2885 cm–1 were used for determination of EVOO. Using partial least square calibration, FTIR normal spectra treated with MC model give the highest values of coefficient of determination (R2) and the lowest values of root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC). The R2 value obtained for the relationship between actual and FTIR predicted value of EVOO was >0.99 with RMSEC value of 1.55% (v/v). The developed PLS model was further used to calculate EVOO in prediction samples, and the root mean square error of prediction obtained was 3.65% (v/v)

A rapid method for determination of commercial β-carotene in RBD palm olein by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

A rapid method for the determination of commercial β-carotene in refined bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm olein using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was developed. The fifty RBD palm olein samples spiked by a known amount of commercial (30%)β-carotene to produce a wide range of concentrations up to 2000 ppm were used. Samples were separated into two groups for the calibration and validation models. The partial least squares (PLS) calibration models for predicting β-carotene was developed by using the FTIR spectral region at 980-915 cm-1 which is associated with trans double bond CH absorption. The accuracy of the method was comparable to that of the HPLC method with a coefficient of determination (R2) and standard error of calibration (SEC) for commercial β-carotene 0.9934 and 52.29, respectively. The FTIR method developed was shown to be efficient, accurate and suitable for routine quality control analysis for the food industry with results obtainable in about 2.5 min

Analysis of lard in cream cosmetics formulations using FT-IR spectroscopy and chemometrics

Typically, cream preparation is composed from complex mixtures; therefore its analysis is rather difficult. The presence of lard (LD) in any personal care products is prohibited to be used by the Followers of Islam. In this study, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with partial least square (PLS) and discriminant analysis (DA) was developed for the quantification and classification of LD in cream formulations. PLS and DA were performed at two frequency regions of 3,020 – 2,995 and 1,200 – 1,000 cm. 1 The PLS calibration model obtained for the relationship between actual (x-axis) and FT-IR predicted (y-axis) values of LD was y = 0.997x + 0.065, with coefficient of determination (R ) and root mean square error of 2 calibration (RMSEC) of 0.997 and 0.808% (v/v), respectively. In addition, DA can successfully classify creams containing LD in its formulation using 9 principal components. FT-IR can be used as a potential analytical technique to quantify and to classify LD in cream preparations with total analysis time at about 3 min/one sample measurement

Application of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for authentication of cod-liver oil

Some vegetable oils such as canola (CaO), corn (CO), soybean (SO), and walnut (WO) oils have similar color with cod liver oil (CLO), therefore, the presence of these oils was difficult to detect using naked eye. For this reason, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy using horizontal attenuated total reflectance (HATR) as sampling accessory and in the combination with chemometrics was developed for detection and quantification of these vegetable oils as adulterants in CLO. The quantification of vegetable oils was carried out by using multivariate calibrations of partial least squares (PLS) and principle component regression (PCR), while the classification between pure CLO and CLOs adulterated with CaO, CO, SO, and WO was performed using discriminant analysis (DA). PLS with FTIR normal spectra was more suitable compared with PCR for quantification purposes with coefficient of determination (R2) higher than 0.99 and root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) in the range of 0.04–0.82% (v/v). The PLS model was further used to predict the levels of these vegetable oils in independent samples for validation/prediction purpose. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values obtained were of 1.75% (v/v) (CaO), 1.39% (v/v) (CO), 1.35% (v/v) (SO), and 1.37% (v/v) (WO), respectively. The classification using DA revealed that the developed method can classify CLO and that mixed with these vegetable oils using 9 principal components

Some Quality Parameters of Intermediate Moisture, Deep-Fried Mackerel (Scomberomorus commersoni, Lacepede)

Intermediate Moisture Deep-fried Mackerel seasoned with local ingredients was prepared by infusion method from an aqueous solution containing PEG 200, sorbic acid and BHA. The products were deep-fried at 190°C for 3 and 4 minutes, resulting in water activity (aw) of 0.84 and 0.80 respectively. Tests on chemical, physical and organoleptic properties were carried out. The Intermediate Moisutre Deepfried Mackerel was found to be generallv acceptable

Authentication analysis of cod liver oil from beef fat using fatty acid composition and FTIR spectra

This study aimed to authenticate cod liver oil (CLO) from beef fat (BF) by determining the level of BF as a fat adulterant in CLO. Two instrumental techniques, namely GC-FID for fatty acid analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, were exploited for such authentication. The decreased level of some fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), could be used as an indicative means to detect the adulteration of CLO with BF. In addition, FTIR spectroscopy combined with partial least-squares (PLS) at frequency regions of 1200-1000 cm -1 was successfully developed for the quantification of BF in CLO. Using the PLS model, the errors obtained in calibration and prediction samples were 0.55% and 0.82% v/v, respectively

The chemometrics approach applied to FTIR spectral data for the analysis of rice bran oil in extra virgin olive oil

Among eleven studied vegetable oils, rice bran oil (RBO) has the close similarity to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in terms of FTIR spectra, as shown in the score plot of first and second principal components. The peak intensities at 18 frequency regions were used as matrix variables in principal component analysis (PCA). Consequently, the presence of RBO in EVOO is difficult to detect. This study aimed to use the chemometrics approach, namely discriminant analysis (DA) and multivariate calibrations of partial least square and principle component regression to analyze RBO in EVOO. DA was used for the classification of EVOO and EVOO mixed with RBO. Multivariate calibrations were exploited for the quantification of RBO in EVOO. The combined frequency regions of 1200-900 and 3020-3000cm -1 were used for such analysis. The results showed that no misclassification was reported for the classification of EVOO and EVOO mixed with RBO. Partial least square regression either using normal or first derivative FTIR spectra can be successfully used for the quantification of RBO in EVOO. In addition, analysis of fatty acid composition can complement the results obtained from FTIR spectral data