Dichlorido(dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine)manganese(II)

The complete mol­ecule of the title compound, [MnCl2(C18H10N4)2], is generated by crystallographic twofold symmetry with the Mn atom lying on the rotation axis. The Mn coordination geometry is a distorted cis-MnCl2N4 octa­hedron, arising from two N,N′-bidentate dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (DPPZ) ligands and two chloride ions. In the crystal structure, neighbouring mononuclear units pack together through π–π contacts between the DPPZ rings [shortest centroid–centroid distance = 3.480 (2) Å], leading to a chain-like structure along [001]. C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds complete the structure

10,11,12,13-Tetrahydro-4,5,9,14-tetra­azadibenz[a,c]anthracene–benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (2/1)

In the title adduct, 2C18H14N4·C8H6O4, the centrosymmetric 1,4-benzene­dicarboxylic acid mol­ecule makes two O—H⋯·N hydrogen bonds to adjacent 10,11,12,13-tetra­hydro-4,5,9,14-tetra­azadibenzo[a,c]anthracene (TTBT) mol­ecules. Aromatic π–π stacking inter­actions occur between TTBT rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.570 (3) Å], leading to a two-dimensional supra­molecular structure in the crystal

Dichlorido(10,11,12,13-tetra­hydro-4,5,9,14-tetra­azabenzo[b]triphenyl­ene)cadmium(II) hemihydrate

In the title compound, [CdCl2(C18H14N4)2]·0.5H2O, the Cd atom assumes a distorted octa­hedral trans-CdCl2N4 geometry arising from its coordination by two N,N′-bidentate 10,11,12,13-tetra­hydro-4,5,9,14-tetra­azabenzo[b]triphenyl­ene (TBBT) mol­ecules and two chloride ions. In the crystal, π–π aromatic stacking inter­actions between adjacent TTBT rings are seen, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.604 (3) Å. An O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bond between the half-occupied water molecule and one chloride ion also occurs

Bis(imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline)dinitratolead(II)

In the title compound, [Pb(NO3)2(C13H8N4)2], the PbII atom (site symmetry 2) is hexa­coordinated by four N atoms from two N,N′-bidentate imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (L) ligands and two O atoms from two weakly coordinated nitrate ions [Pb—O = 2.872 (5) Å] in an irregular arrangement, which may be ascribed to the stereochemically active lone pair of electrons on the metal ion. In the crystal, inter­molecular bifurcated N—H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bonds connect the mol­ecules into chains propagating along [100]. Adjacent chains inter­act by strong aromatic π–π stacking inter­actions, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.483 (2) Å

The Value Orientation of Entrepreneurial University Curriculum Design

According to the essential characteristics and personnel training characteristics of entrepreneurial university, in accordance with the characteristics and objectives of curriculum, and combined with the latest theoretical research of entrepreneurship curriculums at home and abroad, this essay adopts literature data and logic analysis method to explore entrepreneurial universities on the real value of curriculum design. The results are that entrepreneurial universities in the curriculum design mainly treated social standard as the main, ignored the value of the individual, in addition, curriculums’ goal is single, as well as rigid in terms of creative personnel training. We should establish a wide range of educational values in Entrepreneurial universities’ curriculum reform: realizing effective integration between educational localization and educational internationalization; taking into account the main educational values; achieving an effective balance between scientific world and the world of life; focusing on the development of personality and building the harmonious development of human beings

catena-Poly[[aqua­(dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine-κ2 N 4,N 5)zinc(II)]-μ-pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxyl­ato-κ3 N 1,O 2:O 3]

In the title compound, [Zn(C6H2N2O4)(C18H10N4)(H2O)]n or [Zn(PZDC)(DPPZ)(H2O)]n (where DPPZ is dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine and H2PZDC is pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid), the Zn atom is six-coordinated in a slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination geometry by three N atoms from one DPPZ ligand and one PZDC2− dianion, three O atoms from two different PZDC2− ligands and one water mol­ecule. Each PZDC2− dianion serves as a spacer, connecting adjacent metal atoms into a polymeric chain structure parallel to the b axis. The chain motif is consolidated into a three-dimensional supra­molecular network by O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds and π–π aromatic stacking inter­actions involving adjacent DPPZ ligands and PZDC2− dianions with centroid–centroid separations of 3.522 (6) and 3.732 (8) Å, respectively

Value-relevance of accounting information and shareholding structure in emerging capital markets : evidence from Chinese listed companies

This study focuses on the value-relevance of accounting information and the relationship between market value and different types of shareholding in the context of China. The market valuation theory suggests that market value is in a linear relationship with the accounting figures such as book value and net profit. This theory has been widely accepted and tested in most developed markets such as the U. S. A, the U. K., the Netherlands, France and Germany etc. Generally, accounting information is found to be value relevant in these countries, implying that book value and net profits are playing significant roles in explaining the market value. Does the market valuation theory hold in emerging markets such as China? This is an empirical question; it is also the major objective of this thesis. China's economic development and institutional settings are unique in many ways. Firstly, the whole economic system is in a transitional period in which the planned economy is gradually replaced by the market economy. Secondly, the newlyemerged listed companies are transformed from the former SOEs and display a series of distinctive features. The most significant one is that the nearly two-thirds of the shares are controlled by the government and these shares are not tradable. Thirdly, despite the phenomenal expansion in size, China's stock market is still a typical emerging market plagued by a host of inherent problems. These problems have distorted the market infon-nation such as share prices. Fourthly, from the fund-based accounting system to the IAS-based accounting standards, Chinese accounting has undergone a series of revolutionary changes to bring the accounting regulations in line with both international conventions and the overall economic environment of China. Despite the fact that China has largely adopted the IASs in constructing its accounting regulatory regime, significant differences exist between the two. The central objectives of this study are two-fold: 1) to investigate the value relevance of accounting figures in the unique context of China; 2) to examine the effects of different types of shareholding on the market value of listed companies, in particular the state shareholding and legal-person shareholding. The results seem to suggest that accounting infonnation contained in the Chinese financial reports, e. g. book value and net profits, is playing a significant role in explaining the market value in China's stock market. This finding is of particular interest because it indicates that the market valuation theory can be applied not only to developed markets, but also to the emerging ones such as China. As for the relationship between ownership structure and market value, the results of this study seem to lead me to believe that both state and legal-person shareholdings have significant impacts on the market value, however their effects appear to be different.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGreat Britain China Centre : Newcastle University : Universities UKGBUnited Kingdo