Effect of Additional Respiratory Muscle Endurance Training in Young Well- Trained Swimmers

International audienceWhile some studies have demonstrated that respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) improves performances during various exercise modalities, controversy continues about the transfer of RMET effects to swimming performance. The objective of this study was to analyze the added effects of respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET; normocapnic hyperpnea) on the respiratory muscle function and swimming performance of young well-trained swimmers. Two homogenous groups were recruited: ten swimmers performed RMET (RMET group) and ten swimmers performed no RMET (control group). During the 8-week RMET period, all swimmers followed the same training sessions 5-6 times/week. Respiratory muscle strength and endurance , performances on 50-and 200-m trials, effort perception , and dyspnea were assessed before and after the intervention program. The results showed that ventilatory function parameters , chest expansion, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, and performances were improved only in the RMET group. Moreover, perceived exertion and dyspnea were lower in the RMET group in both trials (i.e., 50-and 200-m). Consequently , the swim training associated with RMET was more effective than swim training alone in improving swimming performances. RMET can therefore be considered as a worthwhile ergogenic aid for young competitive swimmers

Relationships between hand kinematics and hip movement in front crawl

International audienceSwimming effectiveness is often assessed by intra-cyclic velocity variations (IVV). Recent 3D kinematics studies showed that those IVV could be higher in lateral axis rather than in longitudinal axis (Psycharakis et al., 2010) and linked to hand 3D kinematics (Figueiredo et al., 2012). In the same time, body roll is found to influence performance (Psycharakis & Sanders, 2010). However, the relationships between IVV in the 3D, hip oscillations (yaw, pitch and roll) and the hand 3D kinematics remain unclear and correspond to the aim of this study.One international female swimmer swam an all-out 25 m in front crawl. She was equipped with 6 body landmarks (left wrist, elbow and shoulder, head, both left and right hips). Both underwater and aerial 3D kinematics have been assessed by multi-camera system (50 Hz, calibration frame with 103 calibration points, 3.67 x 1.63 x 1.42 m, DLT method) while hip 3D oscillations and IVV have been assessed by inertial measurement unit (CIREN). Correlations between hip yaw, pitch and roll and hip IVV in X, Y and Z and hand movements in 3D have to be assessed. 3D kinematics of the arm features 3 key phases of the underwater phase of the stroke cycle (see figure, that presents only translations along Y): A, where the left wrist is on the left of the vertical plane passing through the elbow, itself left of the vertical plane formed by a shoulder; B, where the wrist is between elbow and shoulder; C, where the wrist is on the right of both elbow and shoulder. The beginning of the A phase matches the transition between catch and pull. Both longitudinal and vertical displacements (along X and Z, respectively) of the hand and the hips and 3D rotations (attitudes) of the hips have also been assessed. Corresponding graphs shows also interesting features.It was observed here that the lateral displacements (translations along the Y axis) of the hips (in green on figure) are limited and presumably hardly discernible on all signals from the 3D kinematic video analysis. The use of an inertial measurement unit (CIREN), that could measure linear accelerations and angular velocities (and assess attitudes: yaw, pitch and roll) should highlight cyclical phenomena and identify the probable correlations between kinematics of the hand and pelvis

Effect of Additional Respiratory Muscle Endurance Training in Young Well- Trained Swimmers

International audienceWhile some studies have demonstrated that respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) improves performances during various exercise modalities, controversy continues about the transfer of RMET effects to swimming performance. The objective of this study was to analyze the added effects of respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET; normocapnic hyperpnea) on the respiratory muscle function and swimming performance of young well-trained swimmers. Two homogenous groups were recruited: ten swimmers performed RMET (RMET group) and ten swimmers performed no RMET (control group). During the 8-week RMET period, all swimmers followed the same training sessions 5-6 times/week. Respiratory muscle strength and endurance , performances on 50-and 200-m trials, effort perception , and dyspnea were assessed before and after the intervention program. The results showed that ventilatory function parameters , chest expansion, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, and performances were improved only in the RMET group. Moreover, perceived exertion and dyspnea were lower in the RMET group in both trials (i.e., 50-and 200-m). Consequently , the swim training associated with RMET was more effective than swim training alone in improving swimming performances. RMET can therefore be considered as a worthwhile ergogenic aid for young competitive swimmers

Effect of additional respiratory muscle endurance training in young well-trained swimmers.

International audienceWhile some studies have demonstrated that respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) improves performances during various exercise modalities, controversy continues about the transfer of RMET effects to swimming performance. The objective of this study was to analyze the added effects of respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET; normocapnic hyperpnea) on the respiratory muscle function and swimming performance of young well-trained swimmers. Two homogenous groups were recruited: ten swimmers performed RMET (RMET group) and ten swimmers performed no RMET (control group). During the 8-week RMET period, all swimmers followed the same training sessions 5-6 times/week. Respiratory muscle strength and endurance, performances on 50- and 200-m trials, effort perception, and dyspnea were assessed before and after the intervention program. The results showed that ventilatory function parameters, chest expansion, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, and performances were improved only in the RMET group. Moreover, perceived exertion and dyspnea were lower in the RMET group in both trials (i.e., 50- and 200-m). Consequently, the swim training associated with RMET was more effective than swim training alone in improving swimming performances. RMET can therefore be considered as a worthwhile ergogenic aid for young competitive swimmers. Key PointsRespiratory muscle endurance training improves the performance.Respiratory muscle endurance training improves the ventilatory function parameters, chest expansion, respiratory muscle strength and endurance.Respiratory muscle endurance training decreases the perceived exertion and dyspnea.Respiratory muscle endurance training can be considered as a worthwhile ergogenic aid for young competitive swimmers

Comparisons of four competitive jammers by biomechanics and physiological parameters in expert male crawl swimmers

International audienc

Comparisons of four competitive jammers by biomechanics and physiological parameters in expert male crawl swimmers

International audienc