10,955 research outputs found
Superfield Approach to Nilpotency and Absolute Anticommutativity of Conserved Charges: 2D non-Abelian 1-Form Gauge Theory
We exploit the theoretical strength of augmented version of superfield
approach (AVSA) to Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) formalism to express the
nilpotency and absolute anticommutativity properties of the (anti-)BRST and
(anti-)co-BRST conserved charges for the two -dimensional (2D)
non-Abelian 1-form gauge theory (without any interaction with matter fields) in
the language of superspace variables, their derivatives and suitable
superfields. In the proof of absolute anticommutativity property, we invoke the
strength of Curci-Ferrari (CF) condition for the (anti-)BRST charges. No such
outside condition/restriction is required in the proof of absolute
anticommutativity of the (anti-)co-BRST conserved charges. The latter
observation (as well as other observations) connected with (anti-)co-BRST
symmetries and corresponding conserved charges are novel results of our present
investigation. We also discuss the (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST symmetry
invariance of the appropriate Lagrangian densities within the framework of
AVSA. In addition, we dwell a bit on the derivation of the above fermionic
(nilpotent) symmetries by applying the AVSA to BRST formaism where only the
(anti-)chiral superfields are used.Comment: LaTeX file, 33 pages, journal referenc
Solar Neutrinos: Spin Flavour Precession and LMA
The time dependence that appears to be hinted by the data from the first 13
years of the solar neutrino Gallium experiments is viewed as resulting from a
partial conversion of active neutrinos to light sterile ones through the
resonant interaction between the magnetic moment of the neutrino and a varying
solar field. A summary of the model and its predictions are presented for the
forthcoming experiments Borexino and LENS.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, contribution to 12th Lomonosov Conference in
Elementary Particle Physics, Moscow, Aug 24-31 (2005
Modified 2D Proca Theory: Revisited Under BRST and (Anti-)Chiral Superfield Formalisms
Within the framework of Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) approach, we discuss
mainly the fermionic (i.e. off-shell nilpotent) (anti-)BRST, (anti-)co-BRST and
some discrete dual-symmetries of the appropriate Lagrangian densities for a two
(1+1)-dimensional (2D) modified Proca (i.e. a massive Abelian 1-form) theory
without any interaction with matter fields. One of the novel observations of
our present investigation is the existence of some kinds of restrictions in the
case of our present St\"{u}ckelberg-modified version of the 2D Proca theory
which is not like the standard Curci-Ferrari (CF)-condition of a non-Abelian
1-form gauge theory. Some kinds of similarities and a few differences between
them have been pointed out in our present investigation. To establish the
sanctity of the above off-shell nilpotent (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST
symmetries, we derive them by using our newly proposed (anti-)chiral superfield
formalism where a few specific and appropriate sets of invariant quantities
play a decisive role. We express the (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST conserved
charges in terms of the superfields that are obtained after the applications of
(anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST invariant restrictions and prove their off-shell
nilpotency and absolute anticommutativity properties, too. Finally, we make
some comments on (i) the novelty of our restrictions/obstructions, and (ii) the
physics behind the negative kinetic term associated with the pseudo-scalar
field of our present theory.Comment: LaTeX file, 58 pages, Journal reference give
Polymer Dissolution Model: An Energy Adaptation Of The Critical Ionization Theory
The current scale of features size in the microelectronics industry has reached the point where molecular level interactions affect process fidelity and produce excursions from the continuum world like line edge roughness (LER). Here we present a 3D molecular level model based on the adaptation of the critical ionization (CI) theory using a fundamental interaction energy approach. The model asserts that it is the favorable interaction between the ionized part of the polymer and the developer solution which renders the polymer soluble. Dynamic Monte Carlo methods were used in the current model to study the polymer dissolution phenomenon. The surface ionization was captured by employing an electric double layer at the interface, and polymer motion was simulated using the Metropolis algorithm. The approximated interaction parameters, for different species in the system, were obtained experimentally and used to calibrate the simulated dissolution rate response to polymer molecular weight and developer concentration. The predicted response is in good agreement with experimental dissolution rate data. The simulation results support the premise of the CI theory and provide an insight into the CI model from a new prospective. This model may provide a means to study the contribution of development to LER and other related defects based on molecular level interactions between distinct components in the polymer and the developer.Chemical Engineerin
An economic analysis of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivation in eastern zone of Haryana (India) under polyhouse and open field condition
The study was conducted in north zone of Haryana (India) state to find out the economic analysis of cucumber cultivation under polyhouse and open field condition. The primary data was collected by personal interview of the selected respondents with the help of well-designed and pre tested schedule. Simple statistical tools like average and percentage were used to calculate the economics of the crop. In the present study, it was found that the cost of cultivation of cucumber per acre under polyhouse was Rs. 283684.40 while in case of open field condition it was Rs. 98003.39. In case of production and net returns, it was higher per acre in polyhouse; 245.47 quintal and Rs. 97138.68, respectively. Present study concluded that yield and income of farmers can be increased with help of polyhouse technology in case of cucumber cultivation
Electron Microscopical Study on Skin Lesions Induced by Sulphur Mustard
Mustard gas or sulphur mustard (SM) was applied on the dorso-caudal surface of mice to examine the effect of SM on the collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) of the mouse skin. The animals were sacrificed on first, third and sixth days to study structural changes in the ECM of the mouse skin. Disruption of ordered arrangement of collagen bundles was observed on different days. The bundles of collagen fibres were found opened up into small fragments on the third day post-exposure. Infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and damage to the wall surrounding the blood vessels were observed. Reformation of ordered layers of collagen bundles and the narrowing of voids were taken as indicators of recovery which became perceptible on the sixth day after exposure
Benefit of irrigation water transfers in the National River Linking Project: a case study of the Ken-Betwa link
River basin managementRiver basin developmentDevelopment projectsWater transferIrrigation waterCrop productionCrop managementLivestock
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