How to Improve Food Security and Farming Systems by Using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)

According to a survey approximate 925 million people do not have enough food to eat. So it is a challenge to secure food as well as produce enough to fulfil all needs. A person can live without other necessities but cannot live without food. The food security refers to the ability of food systems to ensure that everyone has enough food to live a healthy life.  A household is considered food-secure when its occupants do not live in hunger or fear of starvation. There are many reasons behind this, due to poor farming system, export restrictions, panic buying, increased farming for use in bio-fuels, global population growth, climate change, loss of agricultural land to residential and industrial development, and growing consumer demand in largest populated country such as China and India are claimed to have pushed up the price of grain. Some other factors which also cause food shortage, the agricultural productivity; soil health, water security, and food quality in storage and distribution are identified as the primary determinants of food security. So in this paper we have discussed how to secure food and enhance farming system by using Wireless Sensors Networks (WSN). Keywords: WSN, Food Security, Developing Countries, Agriculture, Farming System, Management, IC

How to Improve Food Security and Farming Systems by Using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)

According to a survey approximate 925 million people do not have enough food to eat. So it is a challenge to secure food as well as produce enough to fulfil all needs. A person can live without other necessities but cannot live without food. The food security refers to the ability of food systems to ensure that everyone has enough food to live a healthy life.  A household is considered food-secure when its occupants do not live in hunger or fear of starvation. There are many reasons behind this, due to poor farming system, export restrictions, panic buying, increased farming for use in bio-fuels, global population growth, climate change, loss of agricultural land to residential and industrial development, and growing consumer demand in largest populated country such as China and India are claimed to have pushed up the price of grain. Some other factors which also cause food shortage, the agricultural productivity; soil health, water security, and food quality in storage and distribution are identified as the primary determinants of food security. So in this paper we have discussed how to secure food and enhance farming system by using Wireless Sensors Networks (WSN). Keywords: WSN, Food Security, Developing Countries, Agriculture, Farming System, Management, IC

Skin pigmentation, a window to diagnose Alkaptonuria: a very rare entity

Alkaptonuria (AKU) or endogenous ochronosis is a very rare inborn error of tyrosine metabolism inherited by autosomal recessive mode. There is complete absence of homogentisic acid oxidase enzyme which results in accumulation of homogentisic acid in cartilaginous connective tissue thus produces ochronotic clinical manifestations. Here we reported a 36 year old woman with bluish pigmentation of pinnae, index fingers (lateral aspect), nails, teeth and sclera. Detailed clinical and investigative workup was done to diagnose patient. Skin biopsy showed changes of ochronosis and urine examination revealed detectable level of homogentisic acid. Classical ocular findings, ochronosis on clinical and HPE and positive urinary tests for homogentisic acid confirmed the diagnosis of alkaptonuria. The highlight of our case is that an asymptomatic patient was detected early by ochronosis prior to development of musculoskeletal or cardiac complications

Comparison of the effect for fracture resistance of different coronally extended post length with two different post materials

Aims and Objectives: To compare the effect for fracture resistance of different coronally extended post length with two different post materials. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty endodontically treated maxillary central incisors embedded in acrylic resin with decoronated root portion were taken for the study. The postspaces were prepared according to standard protocol. The samples were divided into two groups according to the post material: glass-fiber post and Quartz fiber post. These groups were further subdivided on the basis of coronal extension of 4 and 6 mm for glass fiber and Quartz fiber posts, respectively. The posts were then luted with dual-polymerizing resin cement followed by core buildup. Samples were subjected to increasing compressive oblique load until fracture occurred in a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and independent Student's t-test. Analysis was done using SPSS version 15 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) Windows software program. Results: Glass fiber post with coronal extension of 4 mm (182.8 N) showed better results than with 6-mm length (124.1 N). Similarly, in quartz fiber posts group, 4-mm postlength (314 N) was better when compared with 6 mm (160 N). The 4-mm coronal extension of quartz fiber post displayed superior fracture resistance. Conclusions: Glass fiber posts showed better fracture resistance than Quartz fiber posts. 4-mm coronal length showed more fracture resistance than 6 mm

Plastic Waste in India: overview, impact, and measures to mitigate: Review

India is one of the world’s large and fastest-growing economies. With the expanding development, the usage of plastic for anthropogenic activities has expanded many folds and India alone generated around 3.3 million metric tonnes of plastic in the financial year 2019. 79 percent of the plastic generated worldwide enters our land, water, and environment as waste; part of it also enters our bodies through the food chain. The industry in India states that 60 percent of what is generated is recycled and we had assumed that we had solved the problem of plastic waste by recycling, or burying it in landfills. But we were incorrect. Plastic garbage is omnipresent today. It is filling up our oceans and harming marine life and affecting all organisms in the food chain. With the development of economic growth of the country per capita consumption of plastic will only increase in the coming years and we will end up generating more plastic waste The review paper aimed to examine the major impact of plastic waste in India and how to reduce plastic consumption, considering measures such as phasing out or banning multilayered plastics that cannot be recycled, contemplating renewable raw materials, promoting the use of bioplastics, incentivizing the recycling business, and making the rules and guidelines for Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) simple and enforceable

Emerging Roles and Potential Applications of Non-Coding RNAs in Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer (CC) is a preventable disease using proven interventions, specifically prophylactic vaccination, pervasive disease screening, and treatment, but it is still the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Patients with advanced or metastatic CC have a very dismal prognosis and current therapeutic options are very limited. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of metastasis and discovering new therapeutic targets are crucial. New sequencing tools have given a full visualization of the human transcriptome’s composition. Non-coding RNAs (NcRNAs) perform various functions in transcriptional, translational, and post-translational processes through their interactions with proteins, RNA, and even DNA. It has been suggested that ncRNAs act as key regulators of a variety of biological processes, with their expression being tightly controlled under physiological settings. In recent years, and notably in the past decade, significant effort has been made to examine the role of ncRNAs in a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Therefore, shedding light on the functions of ncRNA will aid in our better understanding of CC. In this review, we summarize the emerging roles of ncRNAs in progression, metastasis, therapeutics, chemoresistance, human papillomavirus (HPV) regulation, metabolic reprogramming, diagnosis, and as a prognostic biomarker of CC.We also discussed the role of ncRNA in the tumor microenvironment and tumor immunology, including cancer stem cells (CSCs) in CC.We also address contemporary technologies such as antisense oligonucleotides, CRISPR–Cas9, and exosomes, as well as their potential applications in targeting ncRNAs to manage CC

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection drives a type I IFN signature in lung lymphocytes

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects 25% of the world\u27s population and causes tuberculosis (TB), which is a leading cause of death globally. A clear understanding of the dynamics of immune response at the cellular level is crucial to design better strategies to control TB. We use the single-cell RNA sequencing approach on lung lymphocytes derived from healthy and Mtb-infected mice. Our results show the enrichment of the type I IFN signature among the lymphoid cell clusters, as well as heat shock responses in natural killer (NK) cells from Mtb-infected mice lungs. We identify Ly6A as a lymphoid cell activation marker and validate its upregulation in activated lymphoid cells following infection. The cross-analysis of the type I IFN signature in human TB-infected peripheral blood samples further validates our results. These findings contribute toward understanding and characterizing the transcriptional parameters at a single-cell depth in a highly relevant and reproducible mouse model of TB

Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) landraces from north-western Himalaya to rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae)

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces (one hundred) from the north-western Himalayan region were evaluated for their response to rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. under no-choice artificial infestation conditions in the laboratory. The differential reaction was based on the parameters, viz. number of adults emerged, development period, growth index (GI) and weight loss in seeds. On the basis of GI, these landraces were categorised as resistant (six landraces with GI from 0.33-0.49), moderately resistant (13 landraces, GI from 0.52-0.97), moderately susceptible (41 landraces, GI ranging from 1.01-1.50), and susceptible (41 with GI from 1.51-1.86). On the basis of seed weight loss, eight landraces were found resistant (8.3-18.5%), 32 as moderately resistant (20.1-39.5), 51 as moderately susceptible (40.3-59.9), and 10 landraces (61.4-68.8) were found susceptible. Four landraces, viz. IC393109, IC392578, IC444217 and IC589276 were found resistant both on the basis of GI and seed weight loss. These landraces can be used in breeding programme for development of wheat cultivars resistant to S. oryzae

Source of Previous Treatment for Re-Treatment TB Cases Registered under the National TB Control Programme, India, 2010

BACKGROUND: In 2009, nearly half (289,756) of global re-treatment TB notifications are from India; no nationally-representative data on the source of previous treatment was available to inform strategies for improvement of initial TB treatment outcome. OBJECTIVES: To assess the source of previous treatment for re-treatment TB patients registered under India's Revised National TB control Programme (RNTCP). METHODOLOGY: A nationally-representative cross sectional study was conducted in a sample of 36 randomly-selected districts. All consecutively registered retreatment TB patients during a defined 15-day period in these 36 districts were contacted and the information on the source of previous treatment sought. RESULTS: Data was collected from all 1712 retreatment TB patients registered in the identified districts during the study period. The data includes information on 595 'relapse' cases, 105 'failure' cases, 437 'treatment after default (TAD)' cases and 575 're-treatment others' cases. The source of most recent previous anti-tuberculosis therapy for 754 [44% (95% CI, 38.2%-49.9%)] of the re-treatment TB patients was from providers outside the TB control programme. A higher proportion of patients registered as TAD (64%) and 'retreatment others' (59%) were likely to be treated outside the National Programme, when compared to the proportion among 'relapse' (22%) or 'failure' (6%). Extrapolated to national registration, of the 292,972 re-treatment registrations in 2010, 128,907 patients would have been most recently treated outside the national programme. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of the re-treatment cases registered with the national programme were most recently treated outside the programme setting. Enhanced efforts towards extending treatment support and supervision to patients treated by private sector treatment providers are urgently required to improve the quality of treatment and reduce the numbers of patients with recurrent disease. In addition, reasons for the large number of recurrent TB cases from those already treated by the national programme require urgent detailed investigation