A critical analysis of air shower structure functions and size spectrum measurements with the NBU air shower array

A total of 11,000 showers in the size range 10 to the 4 to 10 to the 6 particles so far detected by the NBU air shower array has been analyzed using five different structure functions. A comparison of structure functions in terms: (1) of shower size; and (2) electron density at various core distances has been discussed to indicate the present status of structure functions in air shower analysis

A new study of muons in air showers by NBU air shower array

The North Bengal University (NBU) air shower array has been in operation in conjunction with two muon magnetic spectrographs. The array incorporates 21 particle density sampling detectors around the magnetic spectrographs covering an area of 900 sq m. The layout of the array is based on the arrangement of detectors in a square symmetry. The array set up on the ground level is around a 10 m high magnetic spectrograph housing. This magnetic spectrograph housing limits the zenith angular acceptance of the incident showers to a few degrees. Three hundred muons in the fitted showers of size range 10 to the 4th power to 10 to the 5th power particles have so far been scanned and the momenta determined in the momentum range 2 - 440 GeV/c. More than 1500 recorded showers are now in the process of scanning and fitting. A lateral distribution of muons of energy greater than 300 MeV in the shower size range 10 to the 5th power to 7 x 10 to the 5th power has been obtained

Nueva especie de Trissopelopia Kieffer, 1923 (Diptera, Chironomidae, Tanypodinae, Pentaneurini) de la India

The pupae and adults of Trissopelopia bifurcata sp. n. are recorded and described from the Darjeeling Himalayas of India. The genus is recorded for the first time in India. A new key to the world species of Trissopelopia is also included.Se describen las pupas y los adultos de Trissopelopia bifurcata sp. n. procedentes del Darjeeling Himalayas (India). Es la primera cita del género en la India. Se proporciona, asimismo, una nueva clave mundial de las especies de Trissopelopia

A new study of shower age distribution in near vertical showers by EAS air shower array

The air shower array has been developed since it started operation in 1931. The array covering an area of 900 sq m now incorporates 21 particle density sampling detectors around two muon magnetic spectrographs. The air showers are detected in the size range 10 to the 4th power to 10 to the 6th power particles. A total of 11000 showers has so far been detected. Average values of shower age have been obtained in various shower size ranges to study the dependence of shower age on shower size. The core distance dependence of shower age parameter has also been analyzed for presentation

Una nueva especie de ortocladino de Rheocricotopus Thienemann & Harnisch (Diptera, Chironomidae) de Darjeeling–Sikkim, en el Himalaya indio

The adults and pupa of a new species, Rheocricotopus rarispina are described from the Darjeeling–Sikkim Himalayas in India. The species is distinguished by the few spines on the thoracic horn, anal lobe without fringe and bristle–like L setae and presence of ovoid humeral pit, nine squamal setae, structure of anal point and triangular and subterminal crista dorsalis in the adult male. With this new species, the number of Indian species of the genus rises to six.En este trabajo se describen los ejemplares adultos y las crisálidas de una nueva especie, Rheocricotopus rarispina, procedente de Darjeeling–Sikkim, en el Himalaya indio. Dicha especie se identifica por la existencia de algunas espinas en el cuerno torácico, el lóbulo anal sin franja y sin setas parecidas a cerdas en forma de L, la presencia de una cavidad humeral ovoide, nueve setas escamosas, la estructura de la cresta anal y cresta dorsal triangular y subterminal en el macho adulto. Con ésta, el número de especies de origen indio del género asciende ya a seis

Near-linear Time Algorithm for Approximate Minimum Degree Spanning Trees

Given a graph $G = (V, E)$, we wish to compute a spanning tree whose maximum vertex degree, i.e. tree degree, is as small as possible. Computing the exact optimal solution is known to be NP-hard, since it generalizes the Hamiltonian path problem. For the approximation version of this problem, a $\tilde{O}(mn)$ time algorithm that computes a spanning tree of degree at most $\Delta^* +1$ is previously known [F\"urer \& Raghavachari 1994]; here $\Delta^*$ denotes the minimum tree degree of all the spanning trees. In this paper we give the first near-linear time approximation algorithm for this problem. Specifically speaking, we propose an $\tilde{O}(\frac{1}{\epsilon^7}m)$ time algorithm that computes a spanning tree with tree degree $(1+\epsilon)\Delta^* + O(\frac{1}{\epsilon^2}\log n)$ for any constant $\epsilon \in (0,\frac{1}{6})$. Thus, when $\Delta^*=\omega(\log n)$, we can achieve approximate solutions with constant approximate ratio arbitrarily close to 1 in near-linear time.Comment: 17 page

J/ψJ/\psi suppression in Pb+Pb collisions and pTp_T broadening

We have analysed the NA50 data, on the centrality dependence of $p_T$ broadening of $J/\psi$'s, in Pb+Pb collisions, at the CERN-SPS. The data were analysed in a QCD based model, where $J/\psi$'s are suppressed in 'nuclear' medium. Without any free parameter, the model could explain the NA50 $p_T$ broadening data. The data were also analysed in a QGP based threshold model, where $J/\psi$ suppression is 100% above a critical density. The QGP based model could not explain the NA50 $p_T$ broadening data. We have also predicted the centrality dependence of $J/\psi$ suppression and $p_T$ broadening at RHIC energy. Both the models, the QGP based threshold model and the QCD based nuclear absorption model, predict $p_T$ broadening very close to each other.Comment: The paper was completely revised. The conclusion is also changed. 5 pages, 4 figure

Dynamics of a metastable state nonlinearly coupled to a heat bath driven by an external noise

Based on a system-reservoir model, where the system is nonlinearly coupled to a heat bath and the heat bath is modulated by an external stationary Gaussian noise, we derive the generalized Langevin equation with space dependent friction and multiplicative noise and construct the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation, valid for short correlation time, with space dependent diffusion coefficient to study the escape rate from a metastable state in the moderate to large damping regime. By considering the dynamics in a model cubic potential we analyze the result numerically which are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction. It has been shown numerically that the enhancement of rate is possible by properly tuning the correlation time of the external noise.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, Revtex4. To appear in Physical Review